How many senses do we really have?"Our interaction with the world that surrounds us is so effective and it requires so little effort that is difficult to imagine the quantity of calculations that you/they underlie after the sensorial plainnest test." (SENSORY EXOTIC-TO WORLD BEYOND HUMAN EXPERIENCE [exotic Senses: an unknown world for the man].)
IMAGINE that goes in bicycle for a rural calm highway. While he/she pedals, some sensitive receivers localized in the legs determine the exact force that should exercise to maintain the speed, as long as the organs of the sense of the balance help him to maintain the stability. With the nose it perceives the different aromas of the field, with the eyes it contemplates the landscape and with the hearings it captures the trill of the birds. Thirsty, he/she takes a bottle, thanks to the tactile receivers of the fingers. The gustatory papillas allow him/her to savor the drink, and the termorreceptores of the mouth they indicate him/her the temperature of the liquid that ingests. The nervous completions that there is in the skin and, in particular, those that are around the birth of the body hair, inform him/her of the force of the breeze and, in cooperation with the eyes, of the speed to the one that you move. For if it was little, the skin also notices him/her of the temperature and dampness that there is in the environment. The sense of the time tells him/her more or less how much while it takes in the highway and, lastly, some interior senses will force him to rest and to eat. As he/she can observe, the life is, unfounded to doubts, a magnificent symphony of senses.
Do we make single five senses?
How many senses do they enter in game during a tour in bicycle like the one described up? Alone the five traditional, that is, the view, the hearing, the smell, the taste and the tact? According to Encyclopædia Britannica, these five senses were enumerated by Aristotle, philosopher of the antiquity whose "influence has lasted so much that many people still speak of [them] as if they were the only" ones.
However, according to Britannica, so alone the realized studios about the sensibility of the skin already "demonstrate that the human being has more than five senses." How is it possible? Certain processes that before grouped now inside the sense of the tact they are considered standalone senses. For example, the receivers of the pain respond to painful stimuli of mechanical, thermal and chemical nature, and they are able to distinguish among them, while other nervous completions detect the picor sensation. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that we have two types of sensitive receivers at least to the pressure that is exercised on the skin: one for the light, or superficial pressure, and another for the deep pressure. Also, we possess a wide variety of interior senses. What feature do they carry out these?
The interior senses
The interior receivers detect the stimuli that are generated inside the body. They perceive sensations like the hunger, the thirst, the fatigue, the interior pain and the necessity to breathe or of going to the bathroom. In collaboration with our biologic clock, these receivers transmit the sensation of fatigue to the end of the day or the phase angle syndrome schedule. In fact, in view of the fact that we can "feel" in a conscious way the step of the time, some scientists sustain that this capacity must consider a sense separated.
We also have the sense of the balance, localized in the interior hearing that responds to the graveness, the acceleration and the wraparound. And lastly, we possess the sense cinestésico that allows us to perceive the muscular pressure as well as the movement and the position of the members of the body, although we have the closed eyes.
The wonderful sense of the tact
Our hands have a sense of the very developed tact. According to the magazine Smithsonian, some investigators have found that we can perceive with them a point so single three microns high (a human hair has a diameter from among 50 and 100 microns). Now then, "when it is about textures and non points, he/she has been discovered that we are able to detect roughness of single 75 nanometers of height (a nanometer is the thousandth part of a micron)." This surprising sensibility is due to that possess around two thousand tactile receivers in the yolk of each finger.
The sense of the tact is also fundamental for our health and well-being. "The caresses of another person cause the release of hormones that you/they alleviate the pain and they help to think with clarity", he/she tells the magazine U.S.News & World Report. Some scientists sustain that if it is deprived a boy of the affective contact, it won't be developed like it is due.
Clearing is, the sensorial perception is not exclusive of the human beings. The animals also have a wide variety of senses, among them some really astonishing ones that we don't possess. We will also browse in more detail to the human being and the extraordinary qualities than they distinguish it of the remainder of the alive beings.
Astonishing senses in the animal world
To the HELP of the night, a mouse chases in search of food. Unable to preview that the bell snake can "see" in the darkness the heat that irradiates her body, the rodent you/he/she feels safe, a serious error on the other hand. A sole lies hidden under the sand of an aquarium when a hungry shark goes toward him. The shark doesn't see it, but suddenly he stops, it inserts the muzzle in the sand and it devours his prey.
It is this way, the bell snake and the shark are examples of animals with some specialized senses that the man doesn't possess. On the other hand, there are beings that make our same senses, alone that more made worse or sensitive, like it is the view.
Eyes that come a different world
The range of colors that we perceive it is alone a tiny fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, we don't see the infrared (or caloric rays) light, which has a bigger wavelength that that of the red light. But the snakes of the family of the crotálidos, to which belongs the bell snake, have two petty fosetas .entre the eyes and the nasal holes. that detect the infrared light. With the result that they can hunt their prey of warm blood in plenum night.
Beyond the color violet of the spectrum of visible light he/she is the ultraviolet light. Although invisible for the human eye, this class of light is perceptible for many animals, as the birds and the insects. The bees, for example, are guided with the Sun, even in the half cloudy days in those that it is hidden. How? They search clear sky and they observe the path of the polarized rays of ultraviolet light. Many plants in floración enter designs that alone they are visible in the frequency band of the ultraviolet light, and some flowers until they direct to the insects toward the nectar by means of a "flag": a field that less reflective ultraviolet light that the remainder of the flower. Certain fruits and seeds attract the birds in a similar way.
Since the birds perceive the ultraviolet light and that this he/she gives to their plumage a bigger brilliance, it is probable that they find they much showier the colors of their congéneres that to us. They have "an acuity [visual] unimaginable", he/she said an ornithologist. It is believed that even some hawks and kestrels localize the field mice thanks to the ultraviolet light. According to the magazine BioScience, "the urination and the feces of the male mice contain chemical that they absorb the ultraviolet rays, and these animals mark their rake with urination." This way, the predators can "localize the fields with bigger population of mice" and to center their efforts there.
Why do they come the birds so well?
The birds have a prodigious view. According to the book All the Birds of the Bible, this owes "you mainly to that its retina, castrates it confines of the eye in which is formed the image, it contains sensorial more cells of the vision that the retina of other animals. The number of this cells is determinant when seeing petty objects from far. While the human retina has 200.000 of these cells for square millimeter, the one of most of the birds possesses three times that quantity, and in the case of the hawks, vultures and eagles, the retina has a million cells or more for square" millimeter. For if it was little, some birds have two fóveas eyepiece .zona of maximum optical resolution. in each eye that you/they grant them a bigger perception of the distance and the speed. That is the case of the birds that you/they hunt insects in the middle of flight.
The eyes of the birds are gifted besides a lens exceptionally elasticum, call eye lens, which allows them to make an express focuses. Imagine the dangerous thing that it would be to fly with the blurred view, mainly in forest fields and heaths. Unfounded to doubts, the design of the eyes of the birds manifests an admirable wisdom.
Electric sensibility
The event described before relative to the sole and the shark took place while a studio was made on the sharks. The investigators wanted to know if the lines and these big predators perceived the electric weak fields that generate the alive fish. To discover it, they hid electrodes in the sandy bottom of the aquarium and they administered them the appropriate voltage. With what result? As soon as the shark came closer to the electrodes, it attacked them ferociously.
The sharks have what is known as passive electrorrecepción that allows them to perceive the electric fields with the same passivity with which our hearings capture the sound. Now then, the electric fish have active electrorrecepción. This means that, the same as a bat emits acoustic signals and then he interprets the echo that you/they take place, these fish they emit waves or electrical impulses .dependiendo of the specie. it stops later to detect, with some special receivers, the alterations that suffer electric such fields. Thanks to the electrorrecepción, these fish can identify barriers, possible preys or even to find even.
Animals with an interior compass
Imagine how the life would be if we had an interior compass. Certainly, we would no longer fear to get lost. Because well, the scientists have discovered that in the body of some animals, such as the bees and the trouts, there are microscopic glasses of loadstone, a highly magnetic mineral. The cells where they are this glasses they are wired to the nervous system; with the result that as much the bees as the trouts can detect the magnetic fields. It is more, the bees are guided by the magnetic field from the Earth when building their honeycombs and to be guided.
Some investigators have also found loadstone in a bacterium type that he/she lives in the marine silts. When these you revolves, the field geomagnético acts on the loadstone, which aligns to the bacteria in such a way that these they can be propelled to return to its habitat, the marine bed; of not making this way it, they would die.
Migratory many animals .aves, turtles, salmon and whales. they also have magnetic sensibility. However, it seems that it is not the only mean that you/they use to be guided, but rather they also use other senses. For example, it is probable that the salmon uses his refined smell to find the current of water where he was born. It is also known that the starling paints it is guided by the Sun, and other birds, for the stars. Now then, like the professor of Psychology observed Howard C. Hughes in their book Sensory Exotica.A World Beyond Human Experience, is "obvious that we still have left a long road that to scan before resolving these and other mysteries of the nature."
An enviable sense of the hearing
In comparison with the human beings, great number of animals possesses a much more acute hearing. While we perceive sounds from among 20 and 20.000 hertz (or cycles per second), the dogs capture sounds from among 40 and 46.000 hertz, and the horses, from among 31 and 40.000. The elephants and the reses even notice the infrasonic ones, sound waves whose frequency is exactly below the auditory level of the human (they can end up distinguishing frequencies of so single 16 hertz) hearing. Since the low frequency sounds arrive farther, the elephants are able to communicate to each other at a distance of four kilometers or more. In fact, some investigators sustain that you could use to these mammalias to predict earthquakes or serious storms, since both phenomena emit infrasonic.
The insects also have a refined hearing: some capture the ultrasounds whose frequency is two octaves above the auditory level of the human hearing, and others detect the infrasonic ones. Certain insects hear by means of some flat and thin membranes, similar to the eardrum that you/they have the body all told, I save in the head. Others hear with the help of some delicate hair that not alone they respond to the sound, but also to the lightest movements in the air, as the caused ones for a human hand; with the result that the flies are so difficult of squashing with the swatter.
Does he/she imagine what would be to hear the footfalls of an insect? Because that fine it is the hearing of the bat, the flying only mammalia of the world. This possesses an auditory very advance system, kind of a to sound that allows him/her to fly in the darkness and to capture insects by means of the ecolocación. The professor Hughes says: "Imagine a sonar higher to that of the most up-to-date submarines. Because that it is the system that uses a petty bat that fits easily in the palm of the hand. Hardly having a pettier brain that the nail of the thumb, is able to calculate distances and the flight speed, and even of identifying the insect specie that searches."
Since the exact ecolocación also depends on the quality of the sound emitted signal, the bats possess "the ability to control the shade of its voice in such a way that you/they would wake up the envy of any opera" singer, he/she says certain work. Some species also have some intricate wrinkles in the muzzle that, as it seems, they allow them to emit screeches like sound faces. With all these "benefits", the sonar of the bats is so advance that it can produce an acoustic" "image of so thin objects as a hair.
Besides the bats, they use the ecolocación at least two types of birds: the salanganas of Asia and Australia and the guácharos of tropical America. Nevertheless, it seems that these alone birds use it to fly for the caves where they spend the night.
A submarine sonar
The marine mammalias of the suborden of the odontocetos also use kind of a sounding, although the scientists don't still know very well how it works. The dolphins, for example, emit some audible clicks that originate in the nasal hole, not in the larynx. With the help of the melon .una structures greasy that have in the forehead. they focus the sound forming a sheaf that it "illuminates" the field located before them. How do they detect the echo? Apparently, they don't make it with the hearings, but with the inferior mandible and the related organs that are wired to the half hearing. Surprisingly, this area of its head is made up of the same adipose tissue type that the melon.
The clicks of the dolphin are amazingly similar to the mathematical representation of a wave called feature Gabor. The professor Hughes points out that such a resemblance demonstrates that the sounds emitted by the dolphins are "signals of sounding almost perfect from the mathematical" point of view.
The dolphins can adjust the intensity of their cracks between a mere whisper and a deafening noise of 220 decibeles. How much is that? So that an idea is made: music's rock song to a strong volume can have about 120 decibeles, and the fire of artillery 130 decibeles. Equipped with a much more efficient sonar, the dolphins detect so petty objects as a ball of eight centimeters located to 120 distance meters or even more far if it is about calm waters.
actual eagle: sense of the view.
electric raya:sensibilidad.
electric tiburon:sensibilidad.
melliferous bee: sense of the view and magnetic sensibility.
starling: sense of the view.
perro:oye high-frequency sounds.
elephant: he/she hears low frequency sounds.
IMAGINE that goes in bicycle for a rural calm highway. While he/she pedals, some sensitive receivers localized in the legs determine the exact force that should exercise to maintain the speed, as long as the organs of the sense of the balance help him to maintain the stability. With the nose it perceives the different aromas of the field, with the eyes it contemplates the landscape and with the hearings it captures the trill of the birds. Thirsty, he/she takes a bottle, thanks to the tactile receivers of the fingers. The gustatory papillas allow him/her to savor the drink, and the termorreceptores of the mouth they indicate him/her the temperature of the liquid that ingests. The nervous completions that there is in the skin and, in particular, those that are around the birth of the body hair, inform him/her of the force of the breeze and, in cooperation with the eyes, of the speed to the one that you move. For if it was little, the skin also notices him/her of the temperature and dampness that there is in the environment. The sense of the time tells him/her more or less how much while it takes in the highway and, lastly, some interior senses will force him to rest and to eat. As he/she can observe, the life is, unfounded to doubts, a magnificent symphony of senses.
Do we make single five senses?
How many senses do they enter in game during a tour in bicycle like the one described up? Alone the five traditional, that is, the view, the hearing, the smell, the taste and the tact? According to Encyclopædia Britannica, these five senses were enumerated by Aristotle, philosopher of the antiquity whose "influence has lasted so much that many people still speak of [them] as if they were the only" ones.
However, according to Britannica, so alone the realized studios about the sensibility of the skin already "demonstrate that the human being has more than five senses." How is it possible? Certain processes that before grouped now inside the sense of the tact they are considered standalone senses. For example, the receivers of the pain respond to painful stimuli of mechanical, thermal and chemical nature, and they are able to distinguish among them, while other nervous completions detect the picor sensation. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that we have two types of sensitive receivers at least to the pressure that is exercised on the skin: one for the light, or superficial pressure, and another for the deep pressure. Also, we possess a wide variety of interior senses. What feature do they carry out these?
The interior senses
The interior receivers detect the stimuli that are generated inside the body. They perceive sensations like the hunger, the thirst, the fatigue, the interior pain and the necessity to breathe or of going to the bathroom. In collaboration with our biologic clock, these receivers transmit the sensation of fatigue to the end of the day or the phase angle syndrome schedule. In fact, in view of the fact that we can "feel" in a conscious way the step of the time, some scientists sustain that this capacity must consider a sense separated.
We also have the sense of the balance, localized in the interior hearing that responds to the graveness, the acceleration and the wraparound. And lastly, we possess the sense cinestésico that allows us to perceive the muscular pressure as well as the movement and the position of the members of the body, although we have the closed eyes.
The wonderful sense of the tact
Our hands have a sense of the very developed tact. According to the magazine Smithsonian, some investigators have found that we can perceive with them a point so single three microns high (a human hair has a diameter from among 50 and 100 microns). Now then, "when it is about textures and non points, he/she has been discovered that we are able to detect roughness of single 75 nanometers of height (a nanometer is the thousandth part of a micron)." This surprising sensibility is due to that possess around two thousand tactile receivers in the yolk of each finger.
The sense of the tact is also fundamental for our health and well-being. "The caresses of another person cause the release of hormones that you/they alleviate the pain and they help to think with clarity", he/she tells the magazine U.S.News & World Report. Some scientists sustain that if it is deprived a boy of the affective contact, it won't be developed like it is due.
Clearing is, the sensorial perception is not exclusive of the human beings. The animals also have a wide variety of senses, among them some really astonishing ones that we don't possess. We will also browse in more detail to the human being and the extraordinary qualities than they distinguish it of the remainder of the alive beings.
Astonishing senses in the animal world
To the HELP of the night, a mouse chases in search of food. Unable to preview that the bell snake can "see" in the darkness the heat that irradiates her body, the rodent you/he/she feels safe, a serious error on the other hand. A sole lies hidden under the sand of an aquarium when a hungry shark goes toward him. The shark doesn't see it, but suddenly he stops, it inserts the muzzle in the sand and it devours his prey.
It is this way, the bell snake and the shark are examples of animals with some specialized senses that the man doesn't possess. On the other hand, there are beings that make our same senses, alone that more made worse or sensitive, like it is the view.
Eyes that come a different world
The range of colors that we perceive it is alone a tiny fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, we don't see the infrared (or caloric rays) light, which has a bigger wavelength that that of the red light. But the snakes of the family of the crotálidos, to which belongs the bell snake, have two petty fosetas .entre the eyes and the nasal holes. that detect the infrared light. With the result that they can hunt their prey of warm blood in plenum night.
Beyond the color violet of the spectrum of visible light he/she is the ultraviolet light. Although invisible for the human eye, this class of light is perceptible for many animals, as the birds and the insects. The bees, for example, are guided with the Sun, even in the half cloudy days in those that it is hidden. How? They search clear sky and they observe the path of the polarized rays of ultraviolet light. Many plants in floración enter designs that alone they are visible in the frequency band of the ultraviolet light, and some flowers until they direct to the insects toward the nectar by means of a "flag": a field that less reflective ultraviolet light that the remainder of the flower. Certain fruits and seeds attract the birds in a similar way.
Since the birds perceive the ultraviolet light and that this he/she gives to their plumage a bigger brilliance, it is probable that they find they much showier the colors of their congéneres that to us. They have "an acuity [visual] unimaginable", he/she said an ornithologist. It is believed that even some hawks and kestrels localize the field mice thanks to the ultraviolet light. According to the magazine BioScience, "the urination and the feces of the male mice contain chemical that they absorb the ultraviolet rays, and these animals mark their rake with urination." This way, the predators can "localize the fields with bigger population of mice" and to center their efforts there.
Why do they come the birds so well?
The birds have a prodigious view. According to the book All the Birds of the Bible, this owes "you mainly to that its retina, castrates it confines of the eye in which is formed the image, it contains sensorial more cells of the vision that the retina of other animals. The number of this cells is determinant when seeing petty objects from far. While the human retina has 200.000 of these cells for square millimeter, the one of most of the birds possesses three times that quantity, and in the case of the hawks, vultures and eagles, the retina has a million cells or more for square" millimeter. For if it was little, some birds have two fóveas eyepiece .zona of maximum optical resolution. in each eye that you/they grant them a bigger perception of the distance and the speed. That is the case of the birds that you/they hunt insects in the middle of flight.
The eyes of the birds are gifted besides a lens exceptionally elasticum, call eye lens, which allows them to make an express focuses. Imagine the dangerous thing that it would be to fly with the blurred view, mainly in forest fields and heaths. Unfounded to doubts, the design of the eyes of the birds manifests an admirable wisdom.
Electric sensibility
The event described before relative to the sole and the shark took place while a studio was made on the sharks. The investigators wanted to know if the lines and these big predators perceived the electric weak fields that generate the alive fish. To discover it, they hid electrodes in the sandy bottom of the aquarium and they administered them the appropriate voltage. With what result? As soon as the shark came closer to the electrodes, it attacked them ferociously.
The sharks have what is known as passive electrorrecepción that allows them to perceive the electric fields with the same passivity with which our hearings capture the sound. Now then, the electric fish have active electrorrecepción. This means that, the same as a bat emits acoustic signals and then he interprets the echo that you/they take place, these fish they emit waves or electrical impulses .dependiendo of the specie. it stops later to detect, with some special receivers, the alterations that suffer electric such fields. Thanks to the electrorrecepción, these fish can identify barriers, possible preys or even to find even.
Animals with an interior compass
Imagine how the life would be if we had an interior compass. Certainly, we would no longer fear to get lost. Because well, the scientists have discovered that in the body of some animals, such as the bees and the trouts, there are microscopic glasses of loadstone, a highly magnetic mineral. The cells where they are this glasses they are wired to the nervous system; with the result that as much the bees as the trouts can detect the magnetic fields. It is more, the bees are guided by the magnetic field from the Earth when building their honeycombs and to be guided.
Some investigators have also found loadstone in a bacterium type that he/she lives in the marine silts. When these you revolves, the field geomagnético acts on the loadstone, which aligns to the bacteria in such a way that these they can be propelled to return to its habitat, the marine bed; of not making this way it, they would die.
Migratory many animals .aves, turtles, salmon and whales. they also have magnetic sensibility. However, it seems that it is not the only mean that you/they use to be guided, but rather they also use other senses. For example, it is probable that the salmon uses his refined smell to find the current of water where he was born. It is also known that the starling paints it is guided by the Sun, and other birds, for the stars. Now then, like the professor of Psychology observed Howard C. Hughes in their book Sensory Exotica.A World Beyond Human Experience, is "obvious that we still have left a long road that to scan before resolving these and other mysteries of the nature."
An enviable sense of the hearing
In comparison with the human beings, great number of animals possesses a much more acute hearing. While we perceive sounds from among 20 and 20.000 hertz (or cycles per second), the dogs capture sounds from among 40 and 46.000 hertz, and the horses, from among 31 and 40.000. The elephants and the reses even notice the infrasonic ones, sound waves whose frequency is exactly below the auditory level of the human (they can end up distinguishing frequencies of so single 16 hertz) hearing. Since the low frequency sounds arrive farther, the elephants are able to communicate to each other at a distance of four kilometers or more. In fact, some investigators sustain that you could use to these mammalias to predict earthquakes or serious storms, since both phenomena emit infrasonic.
The insects also have a refined hearing: some capture the ultrasounds whose frequency is two octaves above the auditory level of the human hearing, and others detect the infrasonic ones. Certain insects hear by means of some flat and thin membranes, similar to the eardrum that you/they have the body all told, I save in the head. Others hear with the help of some delicate hair that not alone they respond to the sound, but also to the lightest movements in the air, as the caused ones for a human hand; with the result that the flies are so difficult of squashing with the swatter.
Does he/she imagine what would be to hear the footfalls of an insect? Because that fine it is the hearing of the bat, the flying only mammalia of the world. This possesses an auditory very advance system, kind of a to sound that allows him/her to fly in the darkness and to capture insects by means of the ecolocación. The professor Hughes says: "Imagine a sonar higher to that of the most up-to-date submarines. Because that it is the system that uses a petty bat that fits easily in the palm of the hand. Hardly having a pettier brain that the nail of the thumb, is able to calculate distances and the flight speed, and even of identifying the insect specie that searches."
Since the exact ecolocación also depends on the quality of the sound emitted signal, the bats possess "the ability to control the shade of its voice in such a way that you/they would wake up the envy of any opera" singer, he/she says certain work. Some species also have some intricate wrinkles in the muzzle that, as it seems, they allow them to emit screeches like sound faces. With all these "benefits", the sonar of the bats is so advance that it can produce an acoustic" "image of so thin objects as a hair.
Besides the bats, they use the ecolocación at least two types of birds: the salanganas of Asia and Australia and the guácharos of tropical America. Nevertheless, it seems that these alone birds use it to fly for the caves where they spend the night.
A submarine sonar
The marine mammalias of the suborden of the odontocetos also use kind of a sounding, although the scientists don't still know very well how it works. The dolphins, for example, emit some audible clicks that originate in the nasal hole, not in the larynx. With the help of the melon .una structures greasy that have in the forehead. they focus the sound forming a sheaf that it "illuminates" the field located before them. How do they detect the echo? Apparently, they don't make it with the hearings, but with the inferior mandible and the related organs that are wired to the half hearing. Surprisingly, this area of its head is made up of the same adipose tissue type that the melon.
The clicks of the dolphin are amazingly similar to the mathematical representation of a wave called feature Gabor. The professor Hughes points out that such a resemblance demonstrates that the sounds emitted by the dolphins are "signals of sounding almost perfect from the mathematical" point of view.
The dolphins can adjust the intensity of their cracks between a mere whisper and a deafening noise of 220 decibeles. How much is that? So that an idea is made: music's rock song to a strong volume can have about 120 decibeles, and the fire of artillery 130 decibeles. Equipped with a much more efficient sonar, the dolphins detect so petty objects as a ball of eight centimeters located to 120 distance meters or even more far if it is about calm waters.
actual eagle: sense of the view.
electric raya:sensibilidad.
electric tiburon:sensibilidad.
melliferous bee: sense of the view and magnetic sensibility.
starling: sense of the view.
perro:oye high-frequency sounds.
elephant: he/she hears low frequency sounds.
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