The complete sequence of the human chromosome

A group of scientists completes the sequence of the chromosome 1, associated to 350 illnesses

An international team of scientists has completed the sequence of the chromosome 1, the one bigger than all and associated to some 350 illnesses, according to those responsible for the investigation.

The complete sequence of that chromosome that contain 8% of the whole genetic human information and 3.141 genes, was published in the last number of the scientific British magazine Nature.


This attainment is the last chapter of the human genome, according to the scientists that have participated in the investigation, to the front of which figure the Institute Wellcome Trust Sanger in Hinxton, in Cambridgeshire (southeast of England), and the University Duke in Durham, in New Carolina (EE UU).

Several types of cancer and Alzheimer

Some 350 illnesses are related with modifications of the chromosome 1, among them several types of cancer and neurological problems, as the wrong of Alzheimer or the Parkinson's disease, the investigators indicated. In fact, the complete published sequence this Wednesday you have already been used to identify more than a thousand of new genes and the scientists hope you contribute to find new treatments and diagnostics of illnesses.

"The publication of the sequence of the last and human bigger chromosome completes the history of the human" genome, Simón explains to Gregory, in charge of the project in the Institute Wellcome Trust Sanger. "The chromosome 1 contain fascinating histories of the biology of the chromosomes, of our evolution and our health", you have assured.

Ten years to complete the studio

Each human chromosome is compound for a molecule of DNA in form of a double helix and integrated by millions of chemical bases represented by the letters TO, C, T and G. In short, the Chromosome 1 contain 223.569.464 bases of the genetic code that, in the event of being treated mecanográficamente, they would occupy 60.000 pages.

The investigation team, formed by about 150 British and American scientists, you have taken ten years in completing the studio.

Unfaithful or Faithful? The look responds!

LONDON (Reuters)--The members of the opposite sex can know if somebody is searching sex of one night or something more permanent just by looking at it to the face, they said scientific yesterday.
In the men, a square mandible, a long nose and some petty and clear eyes, they are spread to leave traslucir lasciviousness before love.
The women find the men with softer features as the spread to the compromise.
A studio led by investigators of the University of Durham also found that, although the men judge if a woman is unworried and more relaxed as for the amusement or not, you are not facial common particulars that you/they explain to it
A 700 heterosexual people participated in the polling, carried out by investigators of the universities of Durham, St.Andrews and Aberdeen.
In one of the tests, 72 percent of the 153 entrants identified the attitudes of a group of men and women of twenty years correctly to those that were shown pictures and facial images.
Published in the magazine "Evolution and Human Behaviour", the studio also sample that the women open to sexual occasional relationships were views like more attractive.
They spread to have big eyes and fleshy lips, as those of the actress Angelina Jolie.
The women are usually interested in men that seem more inclined to have a relationship of long journey.
The investigation spreads previous discoveries that show that the women come to the most masculine men as more inclined to the infidelity to confirm and to be bad parents.
The men and the women also spread to choose to your opposed ones.
The physician Lynda Boothroyd, of the department of Psychology of the University of Durham, said: "This shows that those first printouts can be part of how we evaluate our potential partners, or potential rivals, when we see them for the first time."
"That later will give place, with the time, to that person's deeper knowledge, and he/she can change with the age".

The men conquer but women if they get ready

The women consider that the men with effeminate features are faithfuler and they are involved more in a relationship sentimental long-term that those that have a virile face, concluded this Wednesday a studio carried out by a team of British investigators.
A group of scientific of the universities of Durham and St Andrews has arrived to this resolution after book credit requested to more than 400 men and British women that guessed the legal capacity of a sample of males starting from modified bare pictures.
The investigation, carried out in Internet, consisted in that the entrants put note to a selection of expensive in feature of fixed approaches, as the bias to send, the ambition, the wealth, the fidelity, the compromise, the parental capacities and the affection.
The consulted sample deemed that the men with square mandibles, lengthened noses and petty eyes were more dominant, less faithful, and they had trend to be bad parents, besides having a gloomy character.
On the contrary, you considered that those with the taper features, with rounded lips, lengthened eyes and curved brows were more suitable to maintain a relationship sentimental long-term that the previous ones.
The healthy men received better notes that the feeble ones and the expensive añosas also desbancaron to the youths.
According to the scientists, the women are usually according to the hour of determining the legal capacity of a man starting from a picture and they have enough with you stop to decide if they want to be paired with him.
"Our results impugn the statements according to which machismo is synonymous of health and of a good physique. The manliness gives the domain sensation, but you don't guarantee a physical" good condition unavoidably, David highlights Perrett, investigator of St Andrews.
"On the other hand the women come to a healthy man as font of wealth and of adaptation to the family" life, you added.

The bad character removes the depression

They discover that a bacterium of active floor to the group of neurons that produce the cerebral compound of the serotonin.

The treatment in mice with this innocuous bacterium that are usually in the floor, altered your behavior in a very similar form to which are gotten with drugs antidepreseivos, such and like the investigators informed in the last edition of Neuroscience.

These discoveries, identified by investigators of the University of Bristol and your colleagues of University College of London, help to understand why an unbalance in the immune system takes to that some vulnerable individuals suffer such dysfunctions of humor as the depression.

The physician Chris Lowry, main author of the work carried out by the University of Bristol commented: "These studios help us to understand how you communicate the body with the brain and why you are important to have a healthy immune system for the mental health maintenance. You also take us to wonder if more time should not pass playing among the dirt."

The interest in the project arose after some human patients of cancer tried with the bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae experience an enhancement unexpectedly in your quality of life. Lowry and your colleagues reasoned that this effect would putrefy book credit been caused by the activation of the neurons in the brain that they contain the serotonin.

When the team observed the brain of the mice detailedly, you discovered that the treatment with M. vaccae had activated to the group of neurons in charge of producing the compound cerebral chemical called serotonin. You are believed that the serotonin ullage in the brain is the lawsuit of the depression in people, for that reason the goods of M. vaccae in the behavior of the mice could be due to an increase in the serotonin release in the parts of the responsible brain of regulating the humor.

The new investigation supports this hypothesis, but in the future new studios will be designed routed to determine if M. vaccae, another bacterium, or some compound pharmaceutic possesses antidepressant estates that work by means of the activation of this group of neurons of the serotonin.

Cure thanks to the Sex

They have been carried out scientific investigations, and you were discovered that the sex has many estates.
Here this the list with the 10 popiedades but important:

* To win energy
The sex is a form of physical financial year. To have relationships sexual three times per week allows to burn many calories and to stay in form throughout the year. They assure that you are equivalent to run 120 kilometers.

* To increase the oxygenation
The sex increases the oxygen contribution to the cells and you boost the activity of several organs and systems inside the body.

* To reduce the cholesterol
The sex balances the balance between the good cholesterol and the bad one and at the same time he/she reduces the excess of cholesterol in the body.

* You reduce the appearance of pains
Some studios indicate that maintaining sex reduces the headaches and the pains in general.

* You protect to the prostate
You are known that the disorders prostáticos are caused or they worsen as a result of the secretions of the gland. The sexual activity to regulate deletes those secretions. Anyway, a sudden change in the frequency can cause disorders related with the prostate.

* You diminish the stress
The satisfaction and relaxation that it produce the sex are beneficial for the mind and the circulatory system.

* You raise the marital happiness
The love and the affection can increase the oxytocin level, a hormone that raise the sexual desire. An oxytocin high-level can increase the frequency of sexual encounters in a couple.

* You raise the hormonal secretion
The sex is an inducement, especially for the women. The sexual regular relationships increase the level of female hormones that you/they reduce the risk of illnesses of the heart and of the vaginal tract.

* You increase the physical energy
The physical financial year, in anyone in your ways, raises the levels of the male hormone, testosterone, in the body. The experts say that this hormone strengthens the muscles and bones of the human body.

* You provide a hormonal supplement
During the sexual relationships, the called hormone DHEA is segregated in the body. During the orgasms or I joust before the ejaculation, the level of DHEA in the blood is five times general ledger to the normal thing. This steroid segregated by the adrenal cortex is the main generator of androgens in the women. You are also present in the males.

Sleep is Good for the Memory

Starting from the XX century and with the input of the artificial light, they have gone decreasing progressively the hours of dream in the population of the industrialized countries. This new reality that among other allowed to extend the family activities and of leisure, and you implanted the night work and for rotational shifts, you also modified, of drastic way, the lifestyles of millions and millions of people. Sleeping, far from being an inactive stage of rest, you are a state of biologic intense activity during which hormone changes, metabolic, thermal, biochemical, cerebral and mental, are operated fundamentally to achieve the balance psicofísico and the sensation of well-being during the day. If you doubt, to sleep is important. You not only know it who sleep bad: you are difficult to think that you are about a banal issue if the organism invests in this a third part of the life.

One of the main features of the dream, and maybe the most sophisticated, is to strengthen the memory: the most recent investigations demonstrate that the process of storing the information in the memory is carried out while you fall asleep.

During the night dream, the incorporate data are reactivated and reproduced time and again by the hippocampus - very petty field of the interior of the brain where that is stored that memorize. With each repetition, the information is sent, in turn, to the cerebral cortex, where you leave recording more and more deep in the brain tissue, integrating this way the called "memory of long term." That is to say that while you fall asleep, the informations pass on one side from the brain to the other one. therefore, what memorize during the day, consolidates during the night. This is the lawsuit for the one which who have slept well he/she can have to the awakening a more ordered vision of the problems that you/they have been pending, or even to find the olución to a problem while you fall asleep.

During the dream, the brain comes off of the whole useless information of the day and new connections take place among the neurons, with the appearance of more and cerebral better circuits. And to bigger circuits, bigger performances of the stocks of the brain.

The stressful very traumatic tests are recorded with stability in the memory and vivid memories that last in the time take place. On the contrary, the stress if you are less intense but more prolonged, you injure the hippocampus and therefore, you deteriorate the memory.

To sleep is since an irreplaceable feature you are the only mechanism of which prepare the brain for your own retrieval. During the dream, the body, the brain and the mind you restairan to themselves although, paradoxically, all continue very enabled.

Then in that statement that at some time all hear that you said: you seek advice to sleep on it the serious subjects before making a decision", we can say that you have a lot of effectiveness, since the best thing that can make the person before a problem, a challenge academic or complicated decisions, is exactly, to sleep well.

The Soul and their Illnesses

Although nobody knows what is the soul, exactly being in turn intangible, nobody doubts of their existence, for what is a scientific and human mystery. Although, none of these aspects stops to recognize that the human being is compound for body, mind and soul.

Generally, the investigation about the soul has been accepted more than anything by the religions, those that have been in charge of of this to find the spiritual road of the body. Even this way, the psychology considers it as throughput of the feelings, the emotions and the mental processes. Now then, in that that yes they coincide it is that it is an invisible entity that he/she inhabits the body and that it transcends to the physical death.

The illnesses of the soul originate for a serious unbalance. It can be about a karmic debt, of somebody that has not still developed their spirituality, of the ullage of ideals, selfishness, fear, fanaticism, violence, bitterness, flaws or maybe of an old pain taken place by a physical or mental abuse.

When the soul is diseased, the body and the mind he are also. To achieve this sensation it is indispensable to participate in an active way and to search the roads to revert this conflict that affects to the human being in their fullness.

Sentences eat up the soul" it hurts, "I received it until the soul", among other, they explain verbally that some event has committed a being seriously in their aspects physique, mental and spiritual.

There are some indicators here that the soul is diseased. The depression and the melancholia constants; for example, when the sadness that one can have due to the quotidian different status, takes possession from oneself to such a point of not being able to control it, it is intensified and it is observed that the person seems not to be interested in anything that stops to feel able to love, and that she gives way physics, intellectual and spiritually; then we speak of depression, an authentic copy of illness of the soul. The feelings of solitude and incomprehension; people that don't open up to be in syntony with the remainder of the social group, perceiving a non understanding of the other ones, because their soul is aggrieved who knows why reason (in this case, it is convenient to make the person's encounter with their own interior to discover the true reason). And the illnesses that you/they appear and certain disappear without lawsuits; the shamans know well about what it is. When somebody will consult them, if they are honest, they know which the illnesses "of the physicians" are, and which those of "the shamans" they are. The culebrilla, the warts, the indigestion, the perusal, the goat paw, etc. they are the most habitual. There is also, other more mysterious ones as the appearance and disappearance of rashes, pains, among other. In this type of illnesses they are those that besides embracing the mind and the body, they embrace a "piece" of the soul. It is for ésto that, from the animism and the telluric magic better cures are achieved that through the conventional methods.

They detect what could be the print of another universe

An anomalous asymmetry in the cosmos opens a new investigation line.

American cosmologists have detected what you/they could be the prints of another universe that I collide soon after with ours of Big Bang. These investigators point out that the existence of other universes could be demonstrated thanks to the measurement of the background radiation of microwaves, since, if in the start of our universe, this had colisionado with other universes, hypothetically such a shock would be registered in the distribution of this radiation. Up to now nobody has tried to search this abnormality, but the authors of this studio have found an anomalous attractive asymmetry at least in the cosmos that, although they don't dare to affirm that it is about the print of another universe, they consider that this hypothesis can be the beginning of a long investigation project.


If other universes exist apart from ours, these could be detectables, they predict scientific in a new studio whose results have been published in the magazine Physical Review D. In this studio, Matthew C. Johnson and their accessories, Anthony Aguirre and Assaf Shomer, of the university of California in Santa Cruz, explains that they have evaluated the possibility that some goods observables or "trademarks" distinguibles that other universes had left in ours exist, due to collisions among them happened in the time in that our universe was even very recent.

The idea that other universes exist it is disputed in the current cosmology. If they really existed, the most probable thing is that they are not perceptible and it would be very difficult to sample their existence. What contributes the new studio is the hypothesis that, if they really existed other universes that colisionaron with ours, hypothetically we would putrefy today to detect their appearance, what constitutes a momentous discovery in the authors' of this studio opinion.

At the same time, these investigators recognize that the consequences of that eventual collision among universes continue being an open issue, since, although it is considered that if there was collision among universes both they would have been destroyed, what these scientists offer is a new approach.

Johnson has declared in this respect to the magazine World Science that is still to define what type of sequels it would be necessary to search to confirm the shock among the universes. Some physical theories point out that other universes really exist, called universes bubble and that each one of them has their own features and even securities different from the physical constants.

To demonstrate the transmultiversalidad

After the idea of the universes bubble it underlies the hypothesis that, seemingly, the whole space contains energy, the call energy of the hole, that is a background energy of purely quantum origin and responsible for physical measurable goods, as the effect Cashmere (it forces physics exercised among separate objects due to the resonance of the energy fields in the space among the objects).

Some cosmologists have offered that, if they occur certain circumstances, this energy can grow in an explosive way giving place to a new universe .como it happened with ours -. This could be happening continually, generating many universes that would coexist with the one that we know in the same way that the bubbles coexist in a foamy bathroom.

To analyze the radiation of the cosmic bottom

But how to know it? Johnson and their colleagues believe that any encounter or collision among the universes goods that would spread in both addresses would have taken place. This goods maybe left prints in the form of expelled material that you/they could affect to the distribution of the matter in each affected universe.

If a collision type had happened this way recently, from the temporary perspective of our universe, it would be undetectable since the universe is too extensive as so that it is notably affected. However, if the facts happened a long time ago, that is to say, when the universe was even very petty, the trademark could be even visible when having been expanded.

When the universe measured on or about less than a thousandth part of what measures currently, it is believed that it suffered a transformation. As it was expanding, he/she cooled down enough as so that they were formed the atoms. Then he/she became transparent.

Before this, the universe had consisted on a consistent fog with petty variances of density in diverse points. The densest parts continued increasing and when uniting they gave place to the galaxies.

Pending investigations

But this fog is even visible because we receive many of the light waves that took place in that moment in her now and they are observables in the form of a weak splendor that fills universe completely.

These waves have been named background radiation of microwaves that is a form of electromagnetic radiation considered by many cosmologists like the main test of the cosmological pattern of Big Bang that gave place to the universe. This radiation is considered the edge of our well-known universe also.

The astronomers outline that a collision among universes would putrefy generated book credit a standard that would have reordered the fluctuations of density in these circumstances and that, if it could register this reordering, he/she would appear as an area of symmetrical abnormality.

Up to now nobody has tried to search this abnormality, but the authors of this studio have found an anomalous attractive asymmetry at least in the cosmos that, although they don't dare to affirm that it is about the print of another universe, they consider that this hypothesis can be the beginning of a long investigation project.

The case is that the variances of temperature in the cosmic bottom of microwaves are believed that they reflect the variances of density in the primitive universe, but they would be still to make numerous investigations to be able to arrive to an answer.