Diagnostic methods gynecological

Gynecologists resorted to various methods of diagnostic aids in the consultation. Here are some of the employees more often.

Papanicolaou
In the box detailing what the most widespread and all necessary studies being conducted routine gynecologic consultation. Should be done once a year, from the time of onset of sexual relations.

Colposcopy
It is good practice to do next to the PAP. It is used for that purpose a device composed of a binocular and a light source of high intensity. With it you can see injuries at the cervical, vaginal cavity and the vulva.

Hormonal analysis
These studies, which are conducted through a blood-listed when there are disruptions of the menstrual cycle or difficulty achieving pregnancy. The baseline should be obtained by the study during menstruation. On some occasions, requested additional after ovulation. Histerosalpingografía.

This radiograph is performed by injecting a contrast solution into the uterine cavity vaginally. To minimize the inconvenience it may cause, it is desirable to prescribe a mild sedative or an antispasmodic a little earlier. Is to be made after completion of menstruation and before ovulation.

The ability to detect abnormalities of the uterine conformation, as well as drugs and the internal cervical os.

Ultrasonography
Today, it is almost de rigueur to supplement when detected abnormalities or were looking for, for example, to check ovulation. Prefers to be performed by transvaginal route by the largest amount of data it provides. It gives a picture of the uterine cavity, the uterine body and ovaries.

Many gynecologists use the routine in menopausal women, especially if you are obese, as a method of early detection of tumors oval.

Endometrial biopsy
It is performed in the study of the patient sterile. It is used to diagnose ovulation and the quality of the tissue to be implanted into the pregnancy. Is to extract, vaginally, a small sample of tissue from the uterine cavity using a cannula and striving with a syringe or a microcureta.

Cytology (wipers) endometrial
It is used to irregular bleeding (especially at menopause) for the diagnosis of possible tumors. It is done by placing a small vaginal swab inside the uterine cavity.

Laparoscopy
It requires general anesthesia and temporary placement. Place a sort of '' telescope of 50 centimeters and 0.5 centimeters in diameter, with a cold light source that is introduced by a tiny incision in the umbilical scar. Lets see inside the genitals (uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries) and perform multiple operations on them without having to open the abdomen.

What is seen in an ultrasound?

Throughout the pregnancy ultrasound becomes the most useful instrument for the development of the fetus.

First quarter
Ultrasound confirmed pregnancy. Already knowing if there is a single embryo or whether it is a multiple pregnancy. It is also possible to determine the probable date of birth and discard some anomalies. It is time to perform other tests under control by ultrasound, if they are deemed necessary, such as biopsy corial (at 10 weeks gestation) or amniocentesis (from week 14).

Second quarter
Can be ruled out most of the fetal anomalies through the anatomical observation of the future baby. It is possible to do an ultrasound study of chromosomal markers (BMI). If it detects any sign of alteration, can perform any diagnostic test (placental biopsy, amniocentesis, funiculocentesis), depending on the gestational age.

Third quarter
Now is controlled fetal growth. We still can be detected any anomaly. We need to confirm normal placental and, most importantly, see what the fetal presentation at birth. Through the system doppler, ultrasound can also know if the fetus receives the volume of blood needed.

How many ultrasound scans should be done?

It is usual practice for a minimum of three ultrasound scans. The first between 7 and 12 weeks of the absence of the rule, the second between 18 and 20 weeks, the third between 34 and 36 weeks. But since this is a completely safe procedure for mother and child, may be as many as are deemed necessary.

In fact, when there is risk pregnancies, often prescribed more of them. In the event that parents deemed insufficient rigor of the three scans, they can always ask for additional studies.

The large clinics have good ultrasound equipment, but also is of vital importance that the ecografista has experience in the field of prenatal diagnosis.

What is an ultrasound?

The ultrasound technique is based on the transmission and reception of sound waves, ultrasound is reflected in the tissues and are then recorded and projected on a screen. Its introduction is due to a Spanish doctor, Ian Donald, who in 1965 explored for the first time a pregnant by this method. Its use is not widespread until a few years later, as it was feared that their effects on pregnant women and their children were harmful.

Once it was found that their total safety, began to be used on a regular basis. At first, the equipment used were very rudimentary and great complexity of management. We had to go past the ultrasound on the belly of the mother plenty of times, until a static image, based on points, a sort of Polaroid picture where it was difficult to identify the fetus.

The breakthrough came in 1980, only then will be able to scan in real time, the movement live. It was like going from photography to film. Later came the high-resolution image, making a total sharpness. In this way, ultrasound has become an invaluable component of medical management and also a powerful "reassuring" for parents, who can see his future son almost like on TV.

How much should be expected after a spontaneous abortion?

An abortion is always a traumatic event for the couple. Unfortunately, some doctors seem to forget this very important aspect.

It is the spontaneous interruption of a pregnancy is a common disorder and very common. For woman who has suffered a loss involves primary and will require some time to be completely replace it.

The recovery
It is believed that 40 days are needed for the body of the woman normalization (to eliminate the changes brought about by pregnancy) and a new pregnancy may arise. But in case of abortion, some professionals often recommend a longer period (about two or three months) so that the expectant mother recovers also encouraged.

However, some specialists advise in certain special cases to enter a spontaneous abortion and pregnancy not bound following a period of less than six months.
Although there is some evidence that this is really necessary.

Alter embryo
Most of spontaneous abortions is caused by alterations in the embryo. Generally, genetic disorders are single-and not necessarily repeated that prevent able-may develop and lead to his expulsion.
How is detected.

The terminations of pregnancy often advertise with bleeding genitals, but not always the case. In some cases, women do not suffer losses or pain when the embryo is dead, and the situation was discovered when performing an ultrasound.