Stye - Symptoms and treatment

A stye is a painful inflammation, such as a grain of pus, whose origin is infection from the base of the lashes. You can engage the upper eyelid or lower, and usually evolves spontaneously according to a very rapid cycle of no more than 48 hours.
On some occasions, the picture is a little more complex, since it forms a tip of pus with intense pain. Where is the eyelid, may catch the eye while reaching almost closed. Anyway, not in any danger and can be treated at home without difficulty.

SYMPTOMS
• The eyelid becomes red coloration is swollen and hurts a lot.

• Inflammatory Process, the appearance of a tip with or without pus with an inflamed base.

Treatment
• Prepare a chamomile tea with warm water, soak a cotton and makes encouraging local press gently on the affected area. Perform this exercise for five minutes and Repeat several times a day.

• When action by the heat can leave the pus remove gently with cotton soaked in hot water.

• If the infection does not improve after the fourth day, presents eye (conjunctivitis) or the red eye and eyelid, please consult your doctor.

Male Infertility - Treatment

An infection, an illness or injury in the testicles can disrupt sperm production. It is also common infertility caused by an excess of work or excessive consumption of snuff and / or alcohol.

Detection.
Through an opposition permograma or semen analysis, which should be repeated at least twice, check the quantity and quality of sperm. The internal injuries were detected by palpation and ultrasound systems.

Treatment.
The technique is chosen, medical treatment, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization or sperm-bank basically depend on the outcome of the expected mograma.
Most men who already have their offspring do not hesitate to reproductive capacity.

And yet, disorders that involve some form of infertility are shared by men and women on equal terms. 50 percent (or more) of the time, the problem is with women, and the other 50 percent is due to man. Therefore, you should not settle for a search for a single cause and not investigate the other.

Asherman syndrome

The origin of infertility can also be a endometritis post-infection and inflammation of the uterine cavity, which causes the formation of adhesions in this area and is known as "Asherman syndrome."

Detection.
The scanning method that is used is hysteroscopy, which allows you to view the inside of the uterus using a lens. Also radiography of the uterus (histerografía) is of great diagnostic utility.

Treatment.
To free up adhesions, used special scissors that are passed through hysteroscopy. In serious cases are advised to place an intrauterine device (IUD) and temporarily administer by estrogen tablets or patches.

How to heal minor injuries in children?

Small wounds (scratches, cuts, stalks) should be washed with water, placing them under the faucet. Then we must try to remove particles and foreign bodies, if any, using some tweezers previously disinfected with alcohol.

Then you should use a product disinfectant, as tincture of iodine, and finally cover the wound with a sterile dressing, to avoid soiling again and infected.

In the cuts, the dressing should be placed at right angles to the wound, joining the edges of it to heal before. It is important to wash your hands very well (preferably with alcohol) before proceeding to cure the injury.

Ways to alleviate ear infections in children

There are several causes that can produce painful ear infections in infants and children, but the cold is the most frequent of all.

Intense pain in the ear, fever, sleep disturbance, loss of appetite and, if the child is small, vomiting, are symptoms of an ear infection.

1. Prevention
The secretions from the nose to ear pass easily causing otitis. These are eliminated with saline when the boy was very small or monitor that sounds good.

2. If not heard Suppurativa
We will put on a cloth ear hot. The small will feel relieved. We must also give aspirin or paracetamol.

3. The ear Suppurativa
It should be clear secretions with an antiseptic gauze. If the doctor prescribes, apply antibiotic drops.

4. Avoid entering water
While there is infection, avoid contact with water ear. The baby's hair was washed with a sponge.

The feet in the diabetics

The diabetes incidence in the world has increased to an epidemic rhythm. You are 240 million diabetics in the world and for next years it is suspected that that number will ascend to 380 millions. To all ésto, you are to mention that, regrettably, the diabetics possess frequent problems in your feet, that which you/they should take care a lot.

You are different factors that make that the diabetic's foot is particularly susceptible to wounds and infections:

- Vascular alterations
The high blood sugars (sugar in the blood), affect the blood vessels clogging up them. Plus still if you associate with dislipemia (alterations of the cholesterol and triglycerides) and the tabaquismo. You take place a decrease of the flow of blood then that you arrive to the feet, reason why the wounds can take in healing and the infections to take in curing. He/she can even give when walking similar pain to that of a cramp in calves that he/she calm down with rest and you are what are known with the "intermittent claudication" name.

- Neuropathic alterations
The high blood sugars maintained in the time, affect the nerve roots of the legs and you are what are known as diabetic neuropathy. This you are characterized to be distal and symmetrical in both inferior members. He/she can give as symptoms pains urentes (as ardor or to feel a fire) in the plant of the feet or desensitization. This takes to that the patient can show up big lesions without feeling pain. Hence, you are very important to substitute the tact for the view, that is to say, the diabetic should inspect your feet daily, searching marks of the footwear or erosions. If you end up finding some of them, you should continue browsing your shoes inside. Many times you ends up finding a nail, a stone or a seam like the responsible for this lesion. The fact of to detect ésto precociously and to solve it, avoids the production of serious lesions.

- Other very common lesions are those caused by the bag for hot water. The diabetic should have clear that cannot use this element, since it can suffer serious burns for the desensitization.

- Infections
The diabetic with descontrol is much more susceptible to the infections.

Pediculosis

The pediculosis is an infection of the hairy leather and hair human caused by the louse of the head. You are about an excessively contagious infection but that you can prevent since with general measures of hygiene that spread to diminish the possibility to obtain it, this way, you are formed a habitat that are I don't propitiate so that the lice nest and reproduce.

One of the first symptoms and also the most frequent, is the itch of the leather hairy although many children they are asymptomatic. The most frequent localization is in the adjacency of the nape and behind the ears. The louse bites and your saliva can produce a local answer that cause the cigar, before succionar the blood.

The most frequent transmission is through the direct contact with the infected person, that is to say, of head to head. In less frequent form for contact with elements of a parasitized person's personal use, as for example chasers, brushes, gear, pillow, etc.

The diagnostic is carried out by means of the observation of the alive louse. The search of the same one, is better when the hair is wet. In the search he/she should have a good luminous source, for that which are obvious that the best is the natural light, and to observe the hair cowlick for cowlick in a systematized way. You should learn how to recognize the form of the lice and of the nits.

You are important to also mention that you are from 8 to 12 alive lice in each infestation, but more than 100 nits. The alive louse hides of the light, you move quickly, your size is that of a sésamo grain, and you are of brown dark color. The nit is not mobilized in the hair.

Many products exist, all them very good, in the market to be able to combat this so frequent and common problem.

Request to your physician of trust that recommend you the one that he believes convenient.

Buzzes and ear noises

The presence of this class of nuisances, is named "tinnitus" and you are suffered by anything less than 10% of people. You are only worrying if you accompany of pain or dizziness.

The causes of this dysfunction are multiple: the wear of the nervous completions of the interior hearing for the age; the bacterial infection; perforation in the eardrum; a great plug of wax; liquid in the half hearing; in a minimum fraction of the cases the buzz or noise can be caused by problems in the auditory interior ledge.

How to be prevented

- You are to avoid to take many aspirins. In the case of people that you/they suffer of arthritis, big dose of aspirins can worsen your tinnitus; although you are to say that the physicians don't still know the why of ésto, but they have been able to check it. In all ways, up to two aspirins a day would not influence directly in the noises.

- You are to take away from the caffeine, since when being about a stimulant, it can increase the tinnitus. Recurda that are not only present in the coffee, but also in the tea.

- You should be stopped to smoke. As if you didn't already have enough reasons of weight to abort the habit of smoking, here sink a more: the nicotine that you/they contain the cigarettes acts as stimulant, forcing to the auditory ledge in the interior hearing to be forced by the buildup of that toxic. For who suffer tinnitus, it will be as having somebody hitting two tapas of hampers of garbage in your brain.

- To use technical of relaxation. With this class of technical, affected people learn how to relax your muscles of the forehead, which are very tense when being low stress. Any technique that teach to generate relaxing answers before the muscular pressure of the stress, potentially could alleviate the symptom.

- To delete the wax. If the buildup of wax is the cause of the problem, you can simply solve the same one going to some product designed to retire the wax, of which there are many that don't need prescription physician. Anyway, you are always good to consult to the physician first to make sure that you don't have an infection.

Light infections that we can be contagious

To be scrupulous with the tools of eating or with those of toilet, you don't liberate us of the transmnitirnos possibility some illness, although you are not serious.

You Seize ("Influenza"): Virus of easy transmission for work of Pflüge or drops of fluids that we dislodge when speaking. You are contagious so much direct (for contact), as indirectly (sharing an object). As any virus, you are not treated with medicines, but rather you should follow your natural own process. You have the particularity that the virus every year mute and you don't leave more option than to wait while one tries to palliate the nuisance of your effects, I eat for example, fever, cough, general uneasiness, vomits, diarrhea, among other.

Common cold or cold: You are contagious with the same velocity and procedure that the flu, previously mentioned. This virus, however, slamente cough, stoppered naríz behaves and I shed tears, often, d even or integral euna coincides in both members d a family.

Skin infections: The mushrooms (mycosis), sion easy to infect, but very selective, since each one needs a certain skin type. The athletes foot affects to the feet, while versicolor" "Pitiriasis is bounded to the torso, generally in the shoulder and in the neckline. Your reign is beaches, pools, saunas and all the objects that surround you. You tint it crural you decant for English, where in summer, heat, close contact and dampness of the swimsuits mojedos converge. The herpes simplex, (so much genital oral ocmo) don't need direct contact, although with the suitable measures you can prevent the infection.

Acarids: Mange ("Sarcoptes scabier") and lice ("Pediculus) type "capitis", in the head, pubis ("Ladillas"), or "Corporis" in the clothes. They are tremendously contagious and you are not preservative that sirrva to reduce risks.

Conjunctivitis: It can be viral or bacterial. You produce lacrimation and sleep, but you require the direct contact for your infection. The bacterial one stops with collyrium, while that of viral origin should follow your path.

Eczemas and Herpes

The eczema is maybe the most frequent and broadcasted affection. Few people will have that in the path of your life they have not suffered it, or at least they have not suffered a secondary eczematización of another affection; the first, maybe, were the dermatitis of the infant's diapers.

In essence, the eczema consists on a petty one, sometimes very petty, sobreelevación of the due skin to the appearance of a light quantity of liquid, forming a minuscule cavity among the cells of the epidermis. If those blisters are very pequ'ñas, is palpated much better than s even. He/she usually accompanies of cigar, often intense and durable that, when being scratched the blisters they break, the skin becomes moist, the injuries ooze and easily they are infected. They appear two new phenomena then: of a side, the skin reddens (erythema) and you swell lightly (edema); of other, the secondary infection gives place to the formation of petty cortexes, in general yellow (impetigo), to the increase of the cigar, to the extension of the injury and the secondary infection of the infection, with what the box, initially plain, has suffered an important complication. In summary, the eczema consists on this triad: blister, cigar-scratched and wet injury. If you are not blister you are not eczema.

The lawsuits of the eczema are very numerous and therefore they are several the types of the same one. To practical goods, the most important form is the secondary eczematización of a previous injury. Among the most frequent they should be known:

- The infant's eczema: almost always to an irritating local factor. The gauzes of the children, for very clarified that they are, they always contain alkaline remains of soap or detergents, when not of bleach. These remains are dissolved when becoming moist the gauze with the boy's urination and they act as an irritating agent of first command on the infant's brittle skin. The consequence is the persistent redness of the buttocks, periné and pubis, and not rarely the step to the eczema phase.

- The dermitis of the laundry, more characteristic of women, in the one that for different lawsuits, mainly the continuing dampness and the alkaline detergents, a decrease of the submitted of the skin of the hands exists that often accompany of secondary eczematización.

- The contact eczema, own mainly of the labor pathology in that very diverse you substantiate they act as sensitizing agents, for allergic mechanism, and they cause the formation of blisters. Among the most frequent we should mention those of the hairdressers (for parafenilendiamina), bricklayers (for chromium), waiters (for nickel), etc. The contact eczema also takes place often in the face for the use of cosmetics or I eat reaction to some medicines of local use, mainly some powdered sulfamides.

Among the vesiculous other affections, the most important, mainly from a popular point of view, you are the herpes. Numerous affections have received such a name. The herpes simplex consite in a petty blister that accompany of a discreet reddishness and edema of the neighboring skin and that secondarily it usually infects. In some people he/she appears mainly with a certain frequency or record in mucous, mainly the labial (cold sores) or genital. Your therapy is easy, but difficult to avoid the relapses when you couch to it.

A very different and much more serious form is the herpes zoster, in which a line appears, sometimes very long, of petty blisters located in the itinerary of a nervous edge and that they translate an affection of the same one in fact. Your path is dilatory and you sometimes go accompanied, particularly in old people, of very intense pain.

Urticaria

The habones more or less big, pale and flanked of a reddish halo, generally very pruriginosos, of brief evolution, relapsing sometimes and that they can be disseminated by the whole surface of the skin, conatituyen the type of dermatosis called urticaria, for your similarity with the eruption that take place to the contact with the deadnettles. Besides the roncha and the cigar, the urticaria bud can accompany of other alterations, such as vessel spasms or intestinal, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, algias articulares, nauseas, among other.

The appearance rhythm and disappearance is extremely variable, and you give it place to two very well-known classes of this illness: the acute urticaria, with intense buds of disappearance in some hours or in a few days; and the chronic urticaria, with ronchas daily and in general less persistent pruritosas.

Of the meticulous, and sometimes difficult studio, of the lawsuits that can explain the intimate mechanism of this afecciñon, you concludes that the skin, in this case, the same as what happen for the mucous respratorias, has acquired a shade of sensibility or of answer in front of agents or diverse factors. If you are it due to specific alérgenos, and they act as such, in the maypría of the cases, those of alimentary type, or to hormonal psychic stimuli, physiques or infectious, at the same time that medicamentosos, constitutes an etiologic facet that the physician's sagacity will attempt desbozar.

If we add the importance that you/they sometimes acquire the local infections of the organism, centered in the intestine, appendix, kidney or teeth, we understand how difficult it can be the exhaustive studio of this illness.

In the case of the giant urticaria, angioedema or angioedema, you are from a similar eruption to that of the described urticaria, but with areas bigger and much deeper edematosas that invade the subcutaneous structures, besides the dermis. However actual base doesn't exist to consider these two processes like essentially different entities, since the same factors alergénicos are not able to unchain them.

If you affect the face, the edema it can end up acquiring such a big size that you impede the opening of the lids, and you are particularly important, due to the graveness that you had, the larynx edema, for the asphyxia hazard that you involve if you are not on time and meetly; you explain to it that, sometimes, you have to appeal to the tracheotomy.

Sinusitis

The sinusitis takes place when the rinitis, be of the origin that fuere, goes accompanied by the encumbrance of the paranasal breasts that you/they are subdivided in maxillary breasts, etmoidales, esfenoidales and frontals according to your location.

The most habitual sinusitis is usually the maxillary one and the etimoidal that show up with acute and also chronic character. The most current symptoms are the rinorrea, in general purulenta, the migraines - particularly in the front sinusitis -, dysfunctions of the smell - in occasions the patient accuses to note bad odors -, nasal obstruction and sometimes facial pains.

All sinusitis should be treated by the physician who will appraise your symptoms, requesting, if you believe it opportune, the corresponding x-rays. The treatment of the acute (apart from the the suitable one specifically for the physician) sinusitis is carried out with pain relievers, nose drops, inhalations mentoladas (except in the children) and bedrest. In the chronic forms, the expert is only who should guide on the treatment that can be medical or surgical.

A special class of sinusitis is that of origin dentario whose case the revision is imposed on the part of the dentist.

Besides the aforementioned different sinusitis types, you are to keep in mind the possibility from an allergic naso-sinoatrial origin to the one that you sobreañade the infectious factor; you are as fuere, in all the cases it is important your diagnostic and treatment adjusted with the purpose of avoiding complications that can be meningeal, visual, bronchial, etc..

The Poliomelitis

The poliomelitis is an illness infecciosovírica that affect the children fundamentally, although with pettier frequency it also attacks the adults. You appear in epidemic buds in some countries and in form endemoepidémica in others. Such variances depend on the state inmunitario of a population in front of the infection for the virus of the poliomelitis.

This illness, you are caused by a virus that infect the organism through human-to-human transmissions or for via insinuation, when they act as vehicle the liquids that the man uses in your to live quotidian. These liquids, such as the water, the milk, among other, they can be infected by the own man or for waste waters that infect the conditions of drinking water. The human-to-human propagation of the virus through seemingly healthy individuals is explained by the following facts: the virus penetrates in the organism for via digestive and you nest in the pharynx and, especially, in the intestine, where you reproduce extraordinarily and you are deleted by means of the feces. You originate an illness of pharyngeal or digestive determinism, and only by one percent of the polluted ones it causes paralysis. In the remaining ones, the illness decreases to some bare anginas or an intestinal dysfunction that it cure spontaneously. The individual that have suffered this infection, is definitively immunized, because you have been formed in him a rate of enough antibodies to exercise an attestation and you activate protection. This status antigénica is the one that also believe the vaccination antipoliomielítica. The ingestion of repeated vaccine dose for virus inactivado believes a state of practically permanent defence. The inyeción of dead (bovine Salk) virus determines a reaction inmunitaria equally, although less active and durable than the vaccination for via oral type Sabin.

The contamination of a not vaccinated person, unchains an illness that begin clinically, after a period of incubation of 10 or 12 days, with anginas or digestive dysfunctions, accompanied by thermal slight elevation. In the forms non paralytics, the clinical box is reduced to this symptomatology, so not very characteristic. In the paralyzed forms they are added to the mentioned dysfunctions two clinical absolutely characteristic symptoms: fever (with elevations between 38 and 39º), and pain (localized in the extremities so much higher as inferior and you increase during the mobilization attempts) .Aparecen the espamos and muscle cramps, extremely painful and of progressive path. This period, called preparalítico, you are characterized by pain and fever whose duration is of 2 or 3 days and that you end in the paralyzed period, during which the muscular typical paralyses are set up that can affect to any muscle group, although preferably, to the inferior extremities. In occasions, the paralyzed muscles are the intercostal ones and others that have had made the pulmonary ventilation, with that which the calls respiratory forms of the infantile paralysis are constituted.

The path of the poliomelitis can be very desfavorabe, especially when the calls factors of graveness converge, among which it highlight for your importance, the respiratory form of the poliomelitis. Another factor of graveness is the participation of the cerebral trunk and still of the own encéfalo, in the process lesional.

Hepatitis

You are named hepatitis to the diffuse inflammation of the hepatic gland, what produce injuries destrictivas of the hepatocitos, associated to an exudative process.

When the inflammation returns, all the hepatic destroyed cells are reabsorbed and they are substituted by new cells regeneradoras, at the time that the exudation and the inflammatory cells disappear little by little.
This box of injuries doesn't have anything of specific, that is to say, the hepatic gland reacts in the same way before aggressive numerous agents, among which should stand out: the toxics (chemical or biologic) that give place to the toxic (industrial, fortuitous, you commit suicide or therapy) hepatitis; the infectious agents not viral that give place to an infectious fortuitous (pneumonia, syphilis, paludism, amoebiasis, recrudescent fever, etc.) hepatitis; and, finally, the viruses (that they produce infectious mononucleosis, fever, yellow, epidemic hepatitis and for homologous serum).

You be which are the lawsuit that cause the hepatitis, the clinical manifestations they are usually always the same ones, although the graveness of the path of the liver damage varies according to the aggressive agent.
The epidemic hepatitis or for homologous serum it is the one that are given in the clinical practice with more frequency.
Most of they have a communio origin, being the responsible one a filterable virus; the viral hepatitis is classified in two big groups: epidemic hepatitis, caused by the one that one comes naming virus TO or YH; and hepatitis for homologous serum, taken place by the compound number B or SH.
In both hepatitis, the clinical box and the histological injuries are identical, although the virus YH is always transmitted for via oral, and the period of incubation hard from two to four weeks, while the virus SH is transmitted by inoculation of blood or products of the same one with syringe, and your period of incubation oscillates between 10 and 20 weeks.

The viral hepatitis is almost always manifested by a box of dummy flu (seudogripal), characterized by a great decline and lassitude, appetite ullage, general breach associated to pains articulares and even headache more or less intense. The fever oscillates, and few times you pass of 39º. A slight pain can be given in the hepatic field, being very strange, on the other hand, the one that show up alive pain of cholic hepatic.
This box flu-like pseudo dura around 8 to 10 days, to the end of which the urination is darkened until acquiring the shade of the brandy.
Next an icterus appears that begin in the eyes to go covering the whole body little by little. During a, two or three weeks, the color of the icterus is intensified to go remitting slowly during an or two weeks later.

Whichever it is the etiology of a hepatitis, the treatment is always the same one. The main base is the absolute rest in bed.
This debit side to last, as minimum, until the lab analyses demonstrate that the bilirubin of the blood has returned to your normality.
Many cases that have evolved secondarily toward the chronic condition or malice, are due to an interrupt of the corporal rest. The second base of a good treatment is mainly the abundant, compound power supply of hydro-carbonados, vegetables and fruits, associating you a protean minimum of around 2 g newspapers for kilogram of body weight.
You should be excluded of the alimentary régime all type of excitant, sauces, mustard and alcoholic drinks. As background processing, the sick person should take a vitamin supplement, mainly of the complex B, associated to vitamin C.

Bronchitis

The bronchitis consists on the inflammation of the bronchial tree, accompanied by an excessive production of mucosity. The acute variety of bronchitis, very current, usually determines scarce incompetence. On the contrary, the chronic form is important, since he/she goes accompanied by intense dysfunctions of the respiratory feature and frequently continued of emphysema, and it can even drive to the death for bronchopneumonia or acute and cardiac breathing failure.

In the case of the acute bronchitis, you are about a process that can dearrollarse like the initial manifestation of an infectious illness, as the measles and the typhoid fever, or parallelly to an acute bacterial pneumonia. In chronic bronchitis they are sometimes observed symptoms of an acute, unchained bronchitis, apparently, for the ación of irritating factors, rather that infectious, such as the substances that pollute the atmosphere.

You frequently begin with nuisances retroesternales, due to the inflammation of the trachea and dry, difficult and painful cough, in crisis form or paroxysms. The exhibition to the cold air and the inhalation of irritating agents, as the tobacco plant, they make worse the crisis of cough. Frequently he/she goes accompanied by noisy and perceptible respiration; and at the beginning, it is usually escalsa the expectoration of the mucus, which are made then more abundant and I thicken.

The bronchitis agudade the children evolve in a very serious way, because of the pneumonia that originate.

As for the chronic bronchitis, you are characterized by cough and expectoration that it persist the whole year, with abundant secretion of bronchial mucus and inflammatory alterations of the bronchial wall.

The factors that intervene in the setting-up of the chronic bronchitis are several and they are not still very well-known. The frequency of due deaths to this illness increases with the age, and you are eviodente the prevalence of the men on the women.

You are difficult to establish the paper carried out by the sick person's profession in the origin of this illness, but the certain thing is that you take place with more frequency in the industrial fields. You are suspected firmly that the sludges of the atmospherical air influence notably in the path and disease progression. You seem also to be certain that the nicotine inhaled with the fume of the tobacco plant acts directly on the bronchial mucosa and you force her to segregate an excessive quantity of mucus; however, all the smokers of cigarettes not suffer bronchitis, that which make suppose that certain individual and family susceptibility exists.

The development of the chronic bronchitis is manifested by intermittent crisis of acute bronchitis, mainly in the months of winter, crisis of which it are more and more difficult to recover. In general, the illness begins in way inidosa, although it can begin in an acute way. Many sick persons allocate your promeros symptoms to some infectious acute process, as pneumonia, measles, whooping cough, etc.; other, simply to smoke. The progress of the chronic bronchitis is co patent frequency, until transforming into a suffering that last the whole year, with acute exacerbations. This state frequently leads to the death, well for rough pneumonia, well for breathing failure or cardiac right, to the end of 20 or 40 years after your beginning.

The influence of the atmospherical state, is fully grateful, and you are notorious the aggravation of the symptoms the days of cold, wet time and with mist.

The Viruses

The term "Virus", (poison in Latin) was coined in 1897 when a Dutch bacteriologist Martinus Beijerinck, passed the juice of a diseased plant of tobacco plant through a sufficiently fine filter as to stop the bacteria, still the pettiest. The clearing liquid filtrate, an infectious invisible agent still contained able to cause the illness of the tobacco plant called "mosaic" that Beijerinck was studying. In the following years, it was found that the viruses were related with a growing number of illnesses of the human beings and the animals. But it was not but up to 1931 in that the English bacteriologist William J. Elford devised a filter the sufficiently petty thing as to catch it in that was demonstrated that the virus was a minuscule particle, of much pettier size that the pettiest cell.

The viruses are so petty that twenty-five million polio virus would fit in the head of an alfilaria - as the virus that produces the aphthous one - they can be formed for only some few molecules.

The viruses are the most primitive forms in life, depending on the definition of "life" that you prefer. They can grow and to reproduce, but they are too petty to contain the usual machinery of a living cell.

In their place, they reproduce invading cells and forcing the chemical complex machinery from these when forming more virus instead of the main substances. In fact, most of a virus - a wraparound protein protector - he/she peels off and it is outside of the cell before beginning the attack. The part of the virus that invades to the cell is a mere matter tiny piece, a molecule or two of nucleic acid, the same substance that the genes are made.

The same as the genes, the viruses can supervise the manufacturing capacity of the living cell. But the virus is kind of a pirate" "gene that takes possession of the cell for its own ends. It carries out their protein masquerading as a genetic element of the own cell. Outside of their alive guests, the viruses cannot carry out metabolic features, to move neither to reproduce.

But inside the cell, a virus can arm hundred of replies of itself with the free nucleotides that float in the cellular liquid. When the cell is overworked, these replies abort the dead wraparound, transforming each one into a new "attacker" in search of other cells. Depending on the virus and of the victim, this cellular injury it is manifested as any other illness of a long list of them that you/they affect animals, plants or human beings, and that it includes mumps, measles, polio, hydrophobia, pock, influenza and the common cold. From 1911, when Dr. Peyton Rous sampled that a form of tumor of the chickens was caused by a virus, he/she has been that these cause more than 70 types of tumors in the animals.

Pneumonia

The inflammations of the lung or pneumonias (commonly pneumonias), they are usually produced by bacteria but viral pneumonias, rickettsiósicas, etc also exist. the germs pathogens arrive to the lung transported by the blood stream, or for top-down propagation of infectious processes of the respiratory higher channels: rinitis and pharyngitis that, if they descend, they can give place to laryngitis, to traqueítis, to bronchitis and even to infections of the own lung.

Conjointly with the pneumonias we should mention the bronchopneumonias. In the pneumonias a pulmonary single inflammatory focus exists, of enough extension: it embraces to great part of a lobe, to one complete, or to more than one. In the bronchopneumonias the pulmonary inflammation is plurofocal: the aflame fields of the lung are usually pettier than in the pneumonia, but they exist different. The same germs that cause the pneumonias can give origin to bronchopneumonias.

The pneumonias and bronchopneumonias are always important illnesses. They study with deep prostration, fever, side (if the focus inflammatory wound until the pleura) pain, cough with scarce expectoration and breathing difficulty.

The most frequent bacterial pneumonia is the neumocócida. 90% of the bacterial pneumonias is neumocócidas and they are very sensitive to the antibiotics, especially to the penicillin.

Commonly it is believed, and until many physicians they admit it that from the input of the antibiotics in the treatment of the infections, the frequency of the pneumonias has diminished a lot of .Pero the reality it is that the pneumonias continue being as frequent as before the antibiotic and chemotherapeutic therapy; what has diminished has been its graveness and mortality: the systematic practice, in hospital centers, of thorax x-rays in patient acute affections of respiratory infections confirms it. But given the effectiveness of the antibiotics in the pneumococcal pneumonia, and to be this the most frequent bacterial pneumonia, many of these illnesses, are cured without book credit diagnostigadas.

Legend of Culebrilla

Every day, the doña looked at its leg with concern. Besides the pain that invaded it, the concern resided in that they had told him/her that that red line that had in the right calf was no more, no less that the culebrilla (it is named this way because it is supposed that their infection comes from the step of a viper or snake on the clothes). Their neighbor had told it to him who had also been some years ago victim of this affection, but in her shoulder. They say that this eruption, with snake form, has a serious problem: if the queue and the head of the supposed snake unite, the person that has it dies. So every day, the doña looked at its leg and he/she did with concern how they came closer the tips.

All suggested him/her homemade formulas to kill that culebrilla. Somebody assured him/her that the better era to rub a toad on the culebrilla so that this absorbed the poison. Other they told him/her that he/she had to write with Chinese ink in both ends of the line the words "Jesús, María and José." They also recommended him/her another formula, perhaps of the good known ones that it consists on filling a vessel with some water and to take three paths, while the following sentence is recited three times a day during three days: "I went for a road, I met with San Pablo, he/she asked me what he/she had, I answered that it was culebrilla that with what would be treated. San Pablo Responded: with water of the font and path of... (name of the sick person)."

That that popularly is known as culebrilla it is an illness called Herpes zoster. It is about an acute infection that takes place for activation of latent virus of which most is carriers: Varicella-zoster or human Herpes virus 3 that it attacks to the ganglions of the sensitive later roots of the spinal ledges. This is the scientific explanation, and the one that can be in the books of Medicine. However, the history of the culebrilla that includes the possibility to die if they join "the queue and the head", it is a myth that accompanies for rituals, and it is taken as true of point that he/she repeats and he/she repeats. Many people that have suffered it, assure that the own physicians could not be treated it and yes the shamans. The culebrilla is one of those petty discords between the science and the tradition. But that it exists, it exists.

Febril Convulsion

1ro Define that it is a Febril convulsion

A convulsion is characterized by sudden muscle spasms or forfeiture of the conscience. Some convulsions are unchained by a feverish state and he/she knows them to him with the name of febril convulsions.

2do - How characteristic he/she has
The febril convulsions have three principal voltage-current characteristics: in general they are brief (they don't last more than 15 minutes), they only happen once during a period of 24 hours and they attack so much the right side as left of the body. The convulsions that don't complete these three approaches are not febril convulsions and they can be an epilepsy sign.

3ro - TO that age is more frequent?
Around each 100 children's 3 or 4 they have at least a febril convulsion between the 6 months and 5 years.

4to - does he/she Leave sequels?
Although in general a febril convulsion doesn't produce damage some to the boy, it can be extremely terrifying for the parents. The boy's body becomes hard, he/she has eyepiece (blank eyes) retroversión and it doesn't respond when they speak to him/her. In other cases, the boy can fall to the floor and to shake the arms and legs abruptly.

5to - When do they show up?
The convulsions, in general, show up during the initial phase of the illness (as colds, gastrointestinal infection, angina, etc.) while the temperature ascends quickly (Here it is where I want to clarify something, generally the boy that is spastic feverish, he/she usually shows up the spastic episode before we realize that he/she has fever. I say this, because the parents get scared a lot when a boy has fever thinking that they can convulsivar...). A boy that has a febril convulsion, in general, doesn't have epilepsy (convulse repetitious), although he has a probability lightly bigger than manifesting that affection that a boy that has not had it.

6to Origin
It is not known why some children have febril convulsions and other not. The children smaller than one year that you/they have had a febril convulsion have around fifty percent of probability of having another. In some cases, the physician recommends medicines to avoid other febril convulsions.

7mo - What to make?
If the boy has a convulsion, be about protecting it so that he doesn't injure. Put to bed him in the bed or in the floor and retract all hard object or filoso of the area. Place it of side or with the head toward a side so that he/she doesn't drown in the case of vomits. Not place anything in the boy's (mainly, don't try to insert him/her the fingers in the mouth, it is a MYTH to believe that it can drown with the tongue) mouth.

If the hard convulsion more than two or three minutes, or if the boy has difficulty to breathe, request to somebody that requests medical urgent help while you stay with the boy. Otherwise, once it has ended the convulsion, call to the physician or take to the boy to the emergency room. The physician can recommend some studios to discard infections or other lawsuits.

It is important that it is about avoiding another convulsion controlling that the boy's temperature doesn't ascend when it is diseased (This is in another episode, remember that the typical febril convulsions don't repeat inside the feverish same box). The physician can recommend the paracetamol (Termofrén) management or ibuprofeno (Ibupirac, Febratic, Actron, etc) for babies and children and bathrooms with tepid water.

Not shelter too much to the boy when it is diseased or he/she has fever. The temperature can still ascend more if it is dressed with different layers of clothes (Another MYTH is to believe that the more he/she perspires, quicker it downloads the fever).

AIDS

FORMS OF INFECTION

Three are only the proven transmission paths:
Relate sexual vaginal, oral or annals (with men and women) without protection.
The oral sex is practical of risk for the one that puts the mouth. Equally it is advisable that both are protected to avoid the transmission of other infections.

The step of the virus in the sexual relationships is carried out through the injuries or microscopic wounds that take place during the penetration and other sexual practices, for where the fluids of who has the virus enter to the couple's body.

Injection or transfusion of non controlled blood. This mechanism includes with outstanding character the shared use of injection instruments in the population of injection drug users. The transmission is given through the exchange of needles and/or any acute element. The virus can also be transmitted by non controlled transfusions of blood.

Perinatal transmission, of mother to son, during the pregnancy, the childbirth and the nursing.

As you leave, they are few and very defined the proven transmission paths and, in all the cases, they involve body fluids like blood, liquid preseminal, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk.

The above-mentioned thing also presupposes the NON existence of other mechanisms of transmission of popular frequent concern, such as the mosquito, the mat, the depilation, the swimming piletas, the carefulness odontológica, etc.

Finally, isolated cases that demonstrate exist that although remote, it is possible the transmission product of the personnel staff of health fortuitous exhibition, that that on the other hand is not but a special form of transmission for blood and body fluids.

The sexual channel is responsible for 3 of each 4 cases of transmission of HIV. Of the cases transmitted for via sexual (80% of the total), he/she is considered that 90% corresponds to heterosexual exhibition and 10% to homosexual exhibition. Diverse studios indicate a balance of probabilities of man's transmission to woman, comparative with infected woman's transmission to uninfected man, that that anyway doesn't authorize to reject this risk.

The transmission mother - son that outlines the main mechanism of acquisition of AIDS for the children, constitutes a problem of extraordinary importance, if one keeps in mind that the person infected by HIV groups for the most part in the sexually active population. Of not receiving adjusted health care, a positive mother HIV that is embarrassed has a chance on three of giving birth to an infected boy, the one that in turn enters high probabilities of developing the illness in the first years of life. This status maintained in the time, it can generate a notable increase of the infant mortality in diverse countries, especially the Africans.

Not they are infection forms:
• To shake hands to a sick person or infected.
• To use the same bathroom that previously a sick person has used.
• Stings of insects or bites of domestic or wild-type animals.
• To play with another diseased boy.
• To share the same class classroom.
• Caresses or close contacts.
• Kisses in the cheek.
• To chat very close with an infected person.
• To feed a sick person.
• To use pools publishes.
• To use the same soap.
• To take a bath to the sick persons.
• To share the use of plates.
• To cough or to sneeze.
• To hug and to give affection to a sick person.

Analysis and where podés to make it to you.
The test of HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) consists on a blood test that detects the appearance of antibodies to the HIV. This test calls herself ELISA (I Assay inmuno enzymatic absorvente) and it is not specific of this infection, in and of itself, it should be confirmed with another named test Western Blot, in the event of giving ELISA a positive result. Instead of ELISA, the patient can also be carried out the test of MEIA (enzymatic method of inmuno analysis).

The human body usually produces antibodies to fight against the illnesses. In the case of the HIV the antibodies only show that the person is infected for the virus. To be infected means that the virus is present in the body and that, of not taking the corresponding diligences, it can infect other people, although it feels well and don't have symptom some. To be infected, it is not the same thing that to have AIDS.

The results
A positive result means that they are antibodies of the HIV in its blood. This means that it is carrier of the HIV, not that he/she has AIDS. It is important to know that it can infect another person if it maintains sexual relationships without protection (without preservative) or for direct contact of blood with blood. These people should always be protected in their sexual relationships for not running re-infection risk, therefore, they should avoid that the HIV enters in its organism again, since that would raise the possibility to contract AIDS.

If the result is negative, it means that they were not antibodies to the HIV in the blood. To be safe of the result of the analysis he/she should wait until a maximum of 6 months after the status of risk.

How is he/she carried out?
Through a blood test, with a previous fast of 8 hours, one will be able to know the result of the test. The patient should be bigger than 18 years, otherwise, you/he/she will be authorized by a general ledger. If it is not for a control routine, it is recommended to carry out the test three months after the status of risk.

The results are available after one week to 15 days of having carried out the test.

How much does it cost?
The test is carried out in an ungrounded way in all the municipal hospitals.

When is it convenient to carry out the test?
The detection is systematic and mandatory among the donators of blood, of sperm, of organs and of tissues to avoid the transmission from the virus to the receiver.

It is also advisable for all professional of the health that has suffered an accident with risk of potential contamination, especially in the event of wounds with spotted material of blood.

Exposed people to the infection (multiple even), or simply after the sexual contact without protection, (heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual) the addicts to drugs for via endovenosa and people coming from countries where the infection rate is high they should be carried out the test.

The pregnant women should also carry out the test like form of diligence.

How long should it lapse after an infecting contact so that the test is positive?

The antibodies appear after a certain time, from 3 to 12 weeks like average.

The test to detect antibodies is therefore negative at the beginning of the infection although the person is carrier of the virus. The positivización of the test corresponds to the appearance of antibodies, that is what is named seroconversión.

Confidentiality
The analysis of AIDS can only be made with the person's consent that is carried out it, it is confidential.