Showing posts with label bacteria. Show all posts
Showing posts with label bacteria. Show all posts

10/08/2008

New alternative - therapy with virus

The new alternative to antibiotics is cured with the virus.
Since its míenlo discovered early last century, the fagoterapia has ulilizado to combat various diseases caused by bacteria.

This technique is to inoculate medical patient in bacteriophages or phages, a type of virus that infects bacteria to breed and just matándolas. But the fagoierapia fell into oblivion due to the rise of antibiotics and lack of knowledge to purify the phage.

In the former Soviet bloc, however, continued using it to treat their people. Hospital in Tbilisi, Georgia, one of the leaders in fagoierapia, Professor Guram Gvasalia and his team take decades researching it.

The center produces millions of phages to meet demand. The gain of water from a nearby river and, after checking its ability to eliminate a specific bacteria, the purified and stored. This type of virus, widespread in the biosphere, even in our body, is not harmful to us.

Georgian experts from the center found, on the other hand, how a biodegradable polymer impregnated with bacteriophages and the antibiotic ciprofloxacin was curing wounds infected by bacteria resistant to antibiotics.

This and other experiments carried out by various scientists, which have obtained similar results, have made in the West to reconsider a return to practices of the fagoterapia as an alternative to the disturbing emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

10/01/2008

Oral hygiene - Brush your teeth after syrup

The bacteria that cause cavities feed on sugar, highly abundant in syrups. So, after the spoonful, you also have to wash your teeth.

Syrups containing, in addition to the active ingredient, refined sugars. These substances are conducive to the development of bacterial plaque, which is responsible for tooth decay. So when a child takes a drug like this, parents must tell you, after each shot, which was carefully brush their teeth.

If it is small for doing so, they who will be dealing. The teeth must be free of sugars, especially in making the night.

9/08/2008

The best way to be clean

As we know, it is vital lead a proper daily cleaning, but an endless number of products that have come on the market can distract our attention from what we really need to stay completely clean and fresh.

To care and cleaning of the skin, the best choice turns out to be antibacterial soap. A study by a dermatologist Europe discovered that this type of soaps eliminates 65 percent more germs and bacteria on our skin that a common soap. Dr. Borek indicated that their hands are a major route of transmission of many diseases, as the closely with someone else, various viruses such as influenza, have the opportunity to spread. Washing two or three times a day your hands can greatly help to prevent the spread of many of these viruses and infections.

The antibacterial soaps also leave a layer on your skin that inhibits the development of bacteria for several hours, avoiding too bad odor caused by sweat.
Moreover, most of the toilet soaps contain moisturizing creams that help prevent dry skin.

But if your skin is very oily or greasy, it is important to avoid as much as possible their use. In this case what is most appropriate that uses soap neutral as it helps remove excess fat from your skin, especially in areas of the face and neck. To this end, there are soaps on the market with astringent lotion that will give you better results. It should be noted that using a toilet brush can benefit even more cleaning your work.

If you use shampoo, we recommend that you do only three or four times a week, since excessive use can lead to your hair is greasy. Select a shampoo right for you, there is one for each type of hair. The use of a lotion for after afeitarte will make you feel even cooler.

8/06/2008

Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics

Most of the bacterial presents varying degrees of antibiotic resistance acquired by mechanisms such as genetic variability, decreased permeability to the drug, its enzymatic inactivation and chemical modification the target on serving.

The manual resistance not only is transmitted from generation to generation between the same species of bacteria, but can spread to different strains through the transfer of resistance genes.

This makes a bacterium that is immune to an antimicrobial drug with which it had never before contacted.

7/01/2008

He stayed without legs by a medical error

Even had not fulfilled two years when Lydia Cross was transferred to hospital Chippenham, in the locality of British re-Wiltshi, suffering from high fever and vomiting. The doctors diagnosed a virus very mild common in children, so that sent home twice.

When the medical team finally succeeded in his diagnosis, an infectious meningitis caused by the bacterium haemopiíilus infiuenzae type 8, the disease had progressed as part of the fabric was already poisoned, forcing both his legs amputated. After a tough campaign, parents have managed to raise sufficient funds to equip his daughter two prostheses that will alleviate the suffering of small.

Before that there immunization, FIA-mophilus infiuenzae was considered the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under five. The disease is highly characteristic in an age range between the first month of life and 4 years.

4/13/2008

Sex - Exchange of microbes in the sex

The sex, ademá of pleasure, only involves a racking of germs comparable to that of the daily coexistence. Millions of minuscule bugs chase for our anatomy. You are all one sway of microorganisms and bacterium, but most of the times are harmless and without consequences.

More than a penis it would undertake the retreat if you knew that when franking that mysterious vagina to which lean out, it will navigate among 12 million microbes for square centimeter! The fémina would also adjoin your legs if they announced you that the masculine member gathers between 17 and 20 million microbes and that your torrential ejaculation will flood it with 300.000 million microbes for seminal download...

In fact, although our immune system was in full abilities, our body is able to ignore a battalion of germs, and even non ucumbir before having determined virus, bacteria and mushrooms, three fronts that yes they can propitiate the infection and whose illnesses are susceptible of being transmitted with more easiness in couple. Until the most aseptic human he/she has the surface of your body, as well as the external holes and even the own alimentary tract, populated by microorganisms that form a protection (intestinal or vaginal, for example) flora that you/they preserve of noxious germs in occasions.

To be excessively scrupulous with the tools of eating, to register the exclusivity of bathrobes, slippers or in the sexual relationships, you don't avoid the infection of a light infection that could only avoid living in a glass capsule.

That that yes you are within our reach you are to minimize in couple the alluvium of germs and to prevent that these move and live to your wide ones with relative easiness. An alcoholatura hygiene, only using soap in feet, arm pits and genital, coarse to maintain the volume of germs to skin flower in the borders of the normality.

For it, you are necessary that the objects of quotidian use are only low control with maintaining them clean, and mainly dry, since the prolonged dampness is a nest of germs and of sure transmission.

Now then, when the couple's member suffers an infection, you are convenient to put an end alintercambio to avoid an infection. That will mean, to be about abstaining sexually, as well as to diminish kisses, and of course, to reserve the individual use of the daily tools.

Light infections that we can be contagious

To be scrupulous with the tools of eating or with those of toilet, you don't liberate us of the transmnitirnos possibility some illness, although you are not serious.

You Seize ("Influenza"): Virus of easy transmission for work of Pflüge or drops of fluids that we dislodge when speaking. You are contagious so much direct (for contact), as indirectly (sharing an object). As any virus, you are not treated with medicines, but rather you should follow your natural own process. You have the particularity that the virus every year mute and you don't leave more option than to wait while one tries to palliate the nuisance of your effects, I eat for example, fever, cough, general uneasiness, vomits, diarrhea, among other.

Common cold or cold: You are contagious with the same velocity and procedure that the flu, previously mentioned. This virus, however, slamente cough, stoppered naríz behaves and I shed tears, often, d even or integral euna coincides in both members d a family.

Skin infections: The mushrooms (mycosis), sion easy to infect, but very selective, since each one needs a certain skin type. The athletes foot affects to the feet, while versicolor" "Pitiriasis is bounded to the torso, generally in the shoulder and in the neckline. Your reign is beaches, pools, saunas and all the objects that surround you. You tint it crural you decant for English, where in summer, heat, close contact and dampness of the swimsuits mojedos converge. The herpes simplex, (so much genital oral ocmo) don't need direct contact, although with the suitable measures you can prevent the infection.

Acarids: Mange ("Sarcoptes scabier") and lice ("Pediculus) type "capitis", in the head, pubis ("Ladillas"), or "Corporis" in the clothes. They are tremendously contagious and you are not preservative that sirrva to reduce risks.

Conjunctivitis: It can be viral or bacterial. You produce lacrimation and sleep, but you require the direct contact for your infection. The bacterial one stops with collyrium, while that of viral origin should follow your path.

More envelope bacteria and germs in the quotidian thing

In the first part of this article, we mention a list of elements that we usually use in our life cotisiana that you/they are an ideal bridge for the transfer of germs and all type of bacteria. Here we end this list so that you lend total care for your health. Besides elements, we also add habitual activities.

Telephone: Transmission path of infections if the couple's member or family is suffered of colds (virus of the "influenza"), pharyngitis ("pyogenes"), or common cold ("M. catharrails"); although the biggest hazard is that the friends or the visits use our headphone and the siembren of your souvenirs.

Mesilla: Any piece of furniture, tissue, upholstered or I object that accumulate powder, you are a mine of acarids. Although they are counted by millions, they are only detrimental for allergic or asthmatic.

Dog: The mascots can be vehicle of illnesses for work of your acarids (fleas, lice and ticks), or other affections (fever botonosa, mycosis, etc.).

Kiss: The healthiest mouth even transforms into gangplank of up to 100 million microbes during a kiss.

Coitus: To use preservatives will liberate us of the shot of 300.000 germs, of those near 20 million microbes that it accomodate a penis, or of the 12 millions for square centimeter of a vagina. But this won't be enough to delete the infection of a herpes genital, a mycosis or some playful ladillas.

Clothes or footwear: You suit to avoid these exchanges if some of both is suffered of mycosis or mange. The quotidian racking is limited staphylococcuss and "Propionibacterium."

Caress: To caress the thigh or the torso of the even incuye, like gift, about ten million microbes (still supposing that one has the clean hand).

Sheets: Warm, they can be focus of transmission of mushrooms. They are also the ideal mean to pass over tuberculois or cholera, although in very remote cases.

Germs - daily Elements that suppose an exchange of germs

If the immune system is in fullness of abilities, the body is able to ignore the millions of microorganisms that swarm around in our. Even this way, you are convenient to take a series of cautions with the objective of avoiding bigger wrongs. Some of them are those that we describe next.

I brush dental: To share it is a paradigm in American many movies, although you are not at all advisable, since it is the ideal bridge for the millions of germs that usually swarm for the mouth (teeth, tongue, salivates, etc.). The risk is even bigger if in the mouth there is some lesion.

Razor: Besides being an efficient platform of microorganisms, you have the risk that these are inserted in wounds taking place a cut. With this so habitual element, you is not only in danger when sharing it light infections, but also of infecting hepatitis B or AIDS.

Vessel: You are dangerous only if they are shared with somebody that suffer a pathology. You are ideal for the transmission of staphylococcuss of the type "viridans", yeasts and all kinds of Saprophytic flora of the mouth.

You comb: Siusceptible of infections like you tint it or of the exchange of acarids. We are speaking of the ideal bridge for the infection of the lice.

Towel: When being rubbed with the skin, you are a neuralgic center of innocuous ("Staphylococcus epidermis" or "Propionibacterium acnas") germs; or of bacteria of light pathologies. The dampness is the favorable mean for the mycosis or the herpes simplex.

You take a shower or bathtub: Favorable the exchange of mushrooms, although the hot water deletes most of the microorganisms. A bathroom tempered in couple is also sway of germs.

Alformbra or slippers: The celebrated foot fungi athlete is contagious when sharing carpets or shower slippers. If also, this footwear is used in gymnastics, saunas or skillful collective, the risk is increased prodigiously.

4/10/2008

Acarids

An acarid is that alive being that live and you are nurtured to another alive being's expenses without contributing any benefit to this I finish. This alive other being, receives the hospedador (sometimes, in confused way, guest) name to expenses from which the acarid is nurtured, being able to take place in some cases damage or injuries.

Definition
In a precise definition, we can summarize that you are metabolically a relationship simbiótica anisoespecífica (among different species) in which the acarid is dependent of your hospedador and you are not beneficial for this. Nevertheless, from an ecologic point of view, the definition of the term can be expanded considerably.

Although parasitism usually involves a relationship trófica, the acarid he/she can also obtain other benefits of your hospedador like protection in front of predators or competitors. Also, they can benefit of parental cares. The reproductive acarids, as some African fish winch of the family synodontidae, make that other fish ciclidos that habitually incubate your eggs in the mouth, also protect the petty fish winch next to your own breedings. These fish, although they don't feed the breedings of the sinodontidos, they protect them and they defend in front of other fish.

Also, it can be said that a hospedador doesn't always nurture to the copy that the parásita, it can also nurture your eggs or breedings. This way, the most important relationship cannot be trófica, although these cases are enough isolated.

Lastly, you are important to say that the acarids usually cause always some nuisance value to your hospedador in general ledger or pettier grade, although you are sometimes impossible to discern the parasitism of the comensalismo and they don't lack examples of parásitismos that can produce to have some positive effect on the hospedador in spite of being pathogen clear agents. You are believed that in this relationship it can evolve, throughout many generations of acarids and hospedadores, toward a mutually beneficial (mutualismo) symbiosis.

Classification
Microparasitos and Macroparasitos Exist. The first are petty and extremely numerous. They multiply inside the guest and in general they make it inside the guest's cells, therefore they are related with the metabolism and they cause reactions on the part of the antibodies. Macroparasitos grows, but they don't multiply inside the guest. They produce infectious phases that leave outside of the guest, to affect others. They live inside the body or in the cavities of the affected one for the acarids and in general, it can be considered the I number of existing macroparasitos in the affected organism. The parasitism involves a relationship trofica with your guest (obtaining of nutritious) but it can also involve other relationships as you are it that of protection on the part of this I finish.

Types of acarids
Many types of acarids exist. Among them they are:

* The viruses
* The bacteria
* The mushrooms
* The plants
* The protozoa
* The helminths
* The arthropods
* The algae

Attending the place occupied in the body of the hospedador, the acarids can be classified in:

* ectoacarids: They live in contact with the exterior of your hospedador (for example the flea)
* endoacarids: They live inside the body of your hospedador (for example a taenia or a trichina)
* mesoacarids: They possess a part of your body looking toward the exterior and another anchored deeply in the tissues of your hospedador. In some extreme cases of mesoacarids of fish (copepods pennellidae), they can have the head inserted in the heart of your hospedador and to extend for the arteries until the gills, or to perforate the visceral cavity.

Parasitology
The science that he study the acarids is the parasitología, as well as the biologic interaction between two species, acarid and hospedador, you are named parasitism. Since most of the microorganisms that produce infections are studied by the microbiology, the parasitología takes charge of studying exclusively to the acarids eukaryotes except the mushrooms. That is to say, so much the one-celled eukaryotes of the polifilético group Protozoa, as the pluricelulares (metazoos) that include to platelmintos, nematodes, arthropods, etc.

In occasions, you are díficil to differentiate the phenomenon of the parasitism of the comensalismo, the symbiosis, the foresis, or the pillaging, since the distinctions among these they vary from an author to another.

One of the features common of the parasitism is that you bear an exchange of substances that they cause in the hospedador an immunologic answer.

An inmunoevasión petition for the acarid is the one of forming antigens that resemble those of the guest (mimicry). Other, you are the one of sticking antigens from the hospedador to the extraneous surface of the body of the acarid (camouflage antigénico); Other, you are the petition of going constantly varying and quickly your surface (antigens) proteins so that the antibodies taken place by the guest cannot recognize it; the result is that the invaded hospedador doesn't recognize to the acarid like invasive or the answer that this takes place you are not completely actual.

Another feature of the parasitism is that although the acarid should adapt to the answer inmunitaria and, in general, to the parasitic life, the hospedador also debit side to make it. This is because the population parásita exercises a selective pressure in this, so guest and hospedador coevolucionan parallelly as a consequence of the parasitism. This explains, for example that the gene of the falciform anaemia is very frequent in endemic fields of malaria.

Almost all the important groups of animals possess some species parásitas. Some quite unexpected ones. For example besides the good known groups of acarids (monogéneos, digéneos, cestodes, nematodes, hirudíneos, copepods) among the acarids some species of barnacles can be included, clams, turbelarios, hidrozoos, birds like the cuckoo... and even some sharks.

2/22/2008

Bronchitis

The bronchitis consists on the inflammation of the bronchial tree, accompanied by an excessive production of mucosity. The acute variety of bronchitis, very current, usually determines scarce incompetence. On the contrary, the chronic form is important, since he/she goes accompanied by intense dysfunctions of the respiratory feature and frequently continued of emphysema, and it can even drive to the death for bronchopneumonia or acute and cardiac breathing failure.

In the case of the acute bronchitis, you are about a process that can dearrollarse like the initial manifestation of an infectious illness, as the measles and the typhoid fever, or parallelly to an acute bacterial pneumonia. In chronic bronchitis they are sometimes observed symptoms of an acute, unchained bronchitis, apparently, for the ación of irritating factors, rather that infectious, such as the substances that pollute the atmosphere.

You frequently begin with nuisances retroesternales, due to the inflammation of the trachea and dry, difficult and painful cough, in crisis form or paroxysms. The exhibition to the cold air and the inhalation of irritating agents, as the tobacco plant, they make worse the crisis of cough. Frequently he/she goes accompanied by noisy and perceptible respiration; and at the beginning, it is usually escalsa the expectoration of the mucus, which are made then more abundant and I thicken.

The bronchitis agudade the children evolve in a very serious way, because of the pneumonia that originate.

As for the chronic bronchitis, you are characterized by cough and expectoration that it persist the whole year, with abundant secretion of bronchial mucus and inflammatory alterations of the bronchial wall.

The factors that intervene in the setting-up of the chronic bronchitis are several and they are not still very well-known. The frequency of due deaths to this illness increases with the age, and you are eviodente the prevalence of the men on the women.

You are difficult to establish the paper carried out by the sick person's profession in the origin of this illness, but the certain thing is that you take place with more frequency in the industrial fields. You are suspected firmly that the sludges of the atmospherical air influence notably in the path and disease progression. You seem also to be certain that the nicotine inhaled with the fume of the tobacco plant acts directly on the bronchial mucosa and you force her to segregate an excessive quantity of mucus; however, all the smokers of cigarettes not suffer bronchitis, that which make suppose that certain individual and family susceptibility exists.

The development of the chronic bronchitis is manifested by intermittent crisis of acute bronchitis, mainly in the months of winter, crisis of which it are more and more difficult to recover. In general, the illness begins in way inidosa, although it can begin in an acute way. Many sick persons allocate your promeros symptoms to some infectious acute process, as pneumonia, measles, whooping cough, etc.; other, simply to smoke. The progress of the chronic bronchitis is co patent frequency, until transforming into a suffering that last the whole year, with acute exacerbations. This state frequently leads to the death, well for rough pneumonia, well for breathing failure or cardiac right, to the end of 20 or 40 years after your beginning.

The influence of the atmospherical state, is fully grateful, and you are notorious the aggravation of the symptoms the days of cold, wet time and with mist.

12/25/2007

The Viruses

The term "Virus", (poison in Latin) was coined in 1897 when a Dutch bacteriologist Martinus Beijerinck, passed the juice of a diseased plant of tobacco plant through a sufficiently fine filter as to stop the bacteria, still the pettiest. The clearing liquid filtrate, an infectious invisible agent still contained able to cause the illness of the tobacco plant called "mosaic" that Beijerinck was studying. In the following years, it was found that the viruses were related with a growing number of illnesses of the human beings and the animals. But it was not but up to 1931 in that the English bacteriologist William J. Elford devised a filter the sufficiently petty thing as to catch it in that was demonstrated that the virus was a minuscule particle, of much pettier size that the pettiest cell.

The viruses are so petty that twenty-five million polio virus would fit in the head of an alfilaria - as the virus that produces the aphthous one - they can be formed for only some few molecules.

The viruses are the most primitive forms in life, depending on the definition of "life" that you prefer. They can grow and to reproduce, but they are too petty to contain the usual machinery of a living cell.

In their place, they reproduce invading cells and forcing the chemical complex machinery from these when forming more virus instead of the main substances. In fact, most of a virus - a wraparound protein protector - he/she peels off and it is outside of the cell before beginning the attack. The part of the virus that invades to the cell is a mere matter tiny piece, a molecule or two of nucleic acid, the same substance that the genes are made.

The same as the genes, the viruses can supervise the manufacturing capacity of the living cell. But the virus is kind of a pirate" "gene that takes possession of the cell for its own ends. It carries out their protein masquerading as a genetic element of the own cell. Outside of their alive guests, the viruses cannot carry out metabolic features, to move neither to reproduce.

But inside the cell, a virus can arm hundred of replies of itself with the free nucleotides that float in the cellular liquid. When the cell is overworked, these replies abort the dead wraparound, transforming each one into a new "attacker" in search of other cells. Depending on the virus and of the victim, this cellular injury it is manifested as any other illness of a long list of them that you/they affect animals, plants or human beings, and that it includes mumps, measles, polio, hydrophobia, pock, influenza and the common cold. From 1911, when Dr. Peyton Rous sampled that a form of tumor of the chickens was caused by a virus, he/she has been that these cause more than 70 types of tumors in the animals.

12/18/2007

Pneumonia

The inflammations of the lung or pneumonias (commonly pneumonias), they are usually produced by bacteria but viral pneumonias, rickettsiósicas, etc also exist. the germs pathogens arrive to the lung transported by the blood stream, or for top-down propagation of infectious processes of the respiratory higher channels: rinitis and pharyngitis that, if they descend, they can give place to laryngitis, to traqueítis, to bronchitis and even to infections of the own lung.

Conjointly with the pneumonias we should mention the bronchopneumonias. In the pneumonias a pulmonary single inflammatory focus exists, of enough extension: it embraces to great part of a lobe, to one complete, or to more than one. In the bronchopneumonias the pulmonary inflammation is plurofocal: the aflame fields of the lung are usually pettier than in the pneumonia, but they exist different. The same germs that cause the pneumonias can give origin to bronchopneumonias.

The pneumonias and bronchopneumonias are always important illnesses. They study with deep prostration, fever, side (if the focus inflammatory wound until the pleura) pain, cough with scarce expectoration and breathing difficulty.

The most frequent bacterial pneumonia is the neumocócida. 90% of the bacterial pneumonias is neumocócidas and they are very sensitive to the antibiotics, especially to the penicillin.

Commonly it is believed, and until many physicians they admit it that from the input of the antibiotics in the treatment of the infections, the frequency of the pneumonias has diminished a lot of .Pero the reality it is that the pneumonias continue being as frequent as before the antibiotic and chemotherapeutic therapy; what has diminished has been its graveness and mortality: the systematic practice, in hospital centers, of thorax x-rays in patient acute affections of respiratory infections confirms it. But given the effectiveness of the antibiotics in the pneumococcal pneumonia, and to be this the most frequent bacterial pneumonia, many of these illnesses, are cured without book credit diagnostigadas.

12/13/2007

The Bad Light

The peons had ended the session, and they had sat down without difficulty to eat some sausages and to take some homemade wine. The field was calm. The night was perfect: hot, windless, with the music that the crickets only know to make, and a replete sky of stars. It was one of those nights that are lent to chat. So the youngest asked to the other ones: did they "know something of don Fernández?" Nobody knew anything, so the man was released to speak. It is that to don Fernández, it had followed it the bad light when he/she went to horse to the town to put a letter in the mail. The peons were amazed, because don Fernández was a good man, owner of an immense field of the field. "What grievance", one said. "Poor family" exclaimed other, he/she was "a good man", he/she said the third. For what counts the tradition, the good of don Fernández he/she had the counted days. That happens to who is appeared the bad light.

Who wants verifiable explanations, he/she should know that the bacteria that intervene in the decomposition from the bones of dead animals to the bleakness dislodge certain afterglow that, among superstitious people, he/she receives the name of bad" "light. Animals and plants decompose and they dissolve, discharging of yes gases (hydrogen and matches, among other) that to the contact with the air become inflamed and they emanate a light semi blued. The circumstance of being this lights in taperas, cemeteries and places with mud and without too much contact with the civilization, it contributes to encourage in the spirit of some people certain concern that perhaps, he/she gave origin to the other part of the history, the one that narrates you in vents, almost in whisper. The one that speaks of souls in pain that you/they continue in the world of the alive ones in form of a light, the bad light.

When the compatriot sees one of these lights and talonea to the pony so that it takes it far from the place, the light begins to follow it. Scientifically, the explanation is that the one cleared that he/she goes leaving the movement of the horse and horseman they are occupied by the adjacente air that travels in the same address and with same speed that the terrified compatriot, taking gets the gases that give origin to the fluorescence.

In search of an explanation for this phenomenon, many people allocate this appearance to the appearance of a wandering soul that has not been able to still to rest in peace, or the one of somebody that received violent death and it reclaims vengeance. That soul is punishing and it takes the name of bad light. Others say that that light is the death that he/she comes to warn to some that they received the hour. Be which is the explanation, the best thing it is to have it very far, more if he/she has a green tint. In that case, it is the bad light, it is really of the bads.