Pathology of dyslexia: Brain Disorders

Brain disorders that cause dyslexia in Chinese people, which use a logographic language, are different from those experienced by people who use an alphabetic system. Until now, the left temporoparietal brain region was suggested as biological root of dyslexia. Moreover, it was assumed that the disease was a common biological origin for all languages, although work in this area were based solely on alphabetic languages.

The left temporoparietal region of the brain is responsible for the analysis of phonemes and converting units of writing (graphemes) in other phonological (phonemes) in short, two of the fundamental cognitive processes for reading. In one study, a team from the National Institute of Mental Health, part of the U.S. Institutes of Health in Bethesda (Maryland), has used magnetic resonance imaging in Chinese children with reading problems to show that the failure lies in the Gyrus mediofrontal left.

The problems of reading Chinese is manifested by two deficits: one associated with the conversion of the graphics in another syllable, with the transfer of the semantic graph.

Genitalia, easy remedies

Men tend to have, more often than the girls, problems in their genitals. The phimosis (inability to bring down completely the foreskin) is a normal until age that can vary between nine months and three years.

Only if it is charged (the foreskin is closed) is required circumcision, which can be made at any time during childhood, and it is very simple. If after birth, the testicles (which are formed in the abdomen during pregnancy) have not fallen to the bags of the scrotum, it is necessary that the child be seen by a urologist.

The disorder, known as cryptorchidism, is treated with hormones. In the event of did not get results with this therapy, it is necessary to resort to surgery before the child reaches six years.
The size too big for one or both testicles is a symptom of hydrocele.

It consists of an accumulation of fluid between the layers that surround the testicle, under the skin of the scrotum. Not badly, and often resolved only in the first few months. If after this date the hydrocele does not go away and change in size, it is likely that in the future, this fluid is removed. But without haste and without fear: the operation is easy, and the boy recovers soon.

Jaundice, it is almost always normal

Between 40 and 50 per cent of all newborns have jaundice, a condition that gives a yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes and sets. This occurs at a higher level of bilirubin in the blood, and in most infants affected the figures did not exceed 15 mg per 100 mi.

Typically at this age is to have 100 ml by 2 ml, so some doctors see it as a variant of normal and branded as physiological jaundice. This refers alone. If the bilirubin level is higher, it is considered that there is a pathologic jaundice, usually caused by a blood group incompatibility.

Depending on the intensity of the disorder, treatment involves exposing a child to the sun's rays (mild jaundice) or resort to phototherapy (ray fluorescent light blue). In cases of Rh incompatibility, it becomes a exanguino-transfusion, that is, is changed from the blood of children.

Hips, to prevent the dislocation

Some babies are born with a congenital hip dysplasia, a disorder that, if not treated in time, can lead to dislocation. In these children, the cavity that contains the head of the femur (cotilo) is not properly developed to hold it, and the femur is predisposed to get away with ease away from the joint.

Usually the disorder is detected when the neonatologist conducted the first review or through an X-ray or ultrasound of the hips that he practiced all newborns, and the correction may start long before the child begins to walk.

The treatment should be done by a brace. It is quite usual to recommend to parents the placement of two diapers to correct the defect, but this can be dangerous.

Only serves in some cases, in others can lead to a definitive hip dysplasia or even a dislocation. It is sometimes necessary to use diapers orthopedic.

Diapers kept the baby with her legs open (in frog posture), to compress the femur cotilo and it can acquire a normal configuration. When you walk, ending the problem corrected.

Pleasure without studying as therapy!

Banned study
During the school year, our children remain seated at least eight hours a day and his day is regulated from morning until night. Luckily, there are holidays! Although having to recover some unfinished business, at least two or three weeks should be free of all concerns intellectuals. This applies especially to the time of the holiday with their parents.

In many cases, disorders such as nail biting or bedwetting disappear as if by magic after a holiday happy and relaxed. Incidentally, outdoor activities (especially swimming and walking barefoot), prevent the defects of posture and deformations of the spine that precisely because so many children suffer in their daily lives are moving too little.

In this sense, the holiday can be a real family therapy, but only if we all forget-if only for a few days-school and engaged fully to have fun, without a preconceived agenda and without obligations. And who despite all talk of the college, pay their lack inviting with an ice cream!

Severe pain in menstruation

The pain associated with menstruation is called dysmenorrhea, and it is a problem that affects adolescents.

The pain starts with menstrual bleeding, and persists for hours or even days, and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. In some youth, abdominal pain appears in the days prior to menstruation.

Dysmenorrhoea is considered a primary or secondary, depending on whether the painful menstruation are related or not detectable with gynecological pathology. It is secondary when there is an underlying pathology, such as that caused by endometriosis (presence of uterine lining called the endometrium, so abnormal located outside the uterus). In adolescence endometriosis may pass unnoticed and cause a gradual and insidious disorder.

When is the dysmenorrhea an isolated event in sexual activity with a young, you should consider a pelvic inflammatory disease, and should be examined by the gynecologist and then conduct the studies that apply.

Another cause of severe pain in this period, peritoneal adhesions are left as sequelae of previous abdominal surgery, or chronic inflammatory processes. It also can be associated with the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs).

In the case of dismenorreas primary, are due to the increase in uterine contractions, due to an increase of prostaglandins.

It is always desirable for the teenager, keeps a schedule that allows you to know what are the days likely will happen menstruation, to receive in the days before, prostaglandin inhibitor medication.

Children who were sleeping in class...

In adapting to school, young children may have trouble sleeping, as well as presenting a completely irregular sleep with nightmares included.

Teachers can check determined drowsiness and lack of focus on children, which often leads to contact their parents to detail the situation, and indicating the low academic performance of their children.

This situation, which can generate suspicion of being compared to the presence of any illness or learning disorder, often is simply the result of an alteration of sleep at night, which will disappear after a period of adjustment that takes a few weeks.

However, if these symptoms persist, it is very convenient to carry out a consultation with the pediatrician's small.

What to do when this happens?

It is normal that during holidays the hours are spoiled because everyone in the family would like to take more hours of sleep, or rather, to enjoy more hours of the day or night. No matter what the reason, only the fact of altering the timing, harms the body of children, besides creating these disorders at the time of returning to school. Should not try to shift too much of the time that it is routine in times of classes.

A couple of weeks before the start of classes, it is recommended that children begin to dinner early and with lighter foods. Furthermore, those activities undertaken after dinner, they should be quiet, such as board games. Should be avoided watching television at night, and since Queues tardecita avoid drinks, coffee and chocolate.

Another very important point, are the usual rush of the morning: the children who go to school without breakfast not only pay less but also have an important trend to obesity.

The return to school after a long vacation, for some children is part of a routine to which they are adapted without problem. By contrast, others find it much more difficult. This happens especially in those smaller, stimulated by the excitement of the reunion with his friends, as well as by the fear of separation from their parents.

The oxygen therapy as curative

The term "hyperbaric medicine" may not be well known, but if we say that this is the oxygen-therapy, perhaps the most familiar expression, or at least better known.

It is a therapy that began to unfold in Amsterdam during the sixties and one can say that today is an indispensable weapon for certain diseases.

They were doctors Borema and Brummekamp, experts from the University of Amsterdam, Holland, who described for the first time the usefulness of HBO in its application for the treatment of gas gangrene.

For this work were the valuable collaboration of all his team of researchers, experts who wore a long time working with the two doctors.

Since then, numerous studies and research on this subject have shown the undoubted benefits that owns this oxygen therapy based on numerous conditions.

At present, we can say that we in Spain with twenty-seven facilities in hyperbaric medicine, these points are scattered throughout various locations in the country. One of these units, Barom, is in charge of Dr. Francisco Rios Tejada, its technical director.

Depression child

The theme of depression at the stage of infancy, is very impressive. All we think that this is a time of happiness and joy permanent, and that the sadness and concern for those who are in childhood, are totally temporary. However, this state is often more frequent every day and a disorder totally poignant because of their serious problems.

It is necessary to distinguish depression as appropriate emotional response to a critical moment, the disease of depression. Any child can go through moments like depressive reaction to losses or changes, what constitutes a normal emotional response. But when this situation becomes chronic and can not be overcome with the passage of time it is an emotional disorder, rather complex.

As symptoms are central irritable mood or sadness, and loss of ability to enjoy. The child is listless, without wanting to nothing, or chronically of malhumor, intolerant and evil character.

Thus, depression manifests itself in a manner masked by various disorders that in turn give a misleading impression and hinder their recognition

Here is a list of these symptoms, so you can recognize this kind of state in small around you:

Decreased self-esteem: the child has a demeaning image of himself, is self-critical, and has a feeling of inferiority.
Loss of interest: the boy is bored is not apathetic have little motivation plays and is always tired.
Withdrawal: It costs linked with the other children, it is not integrated well with their group, tends to isolate itself, chooses solitary activities like watching television too many hours.
Difficulty managing aggression: have frequent fights, tantrums, behavioural disorders, or inhibition of aggression (not quarrel, neither defends nor).
Loss of ability to concentrate: the child disperses far have trouble paying attention. This leads to a decline in school performance.
On sleep disorders: insomnia or hypersomnia presents.
Eating Disorders: lose or increase the appetite or weight.
Somatic symptoms that have no organic cause: the smaller the child, most tend to express their problems through his body. In schoolchildren, are more frequent headaches.

Symptoms of a psychotic

The sense of Political decoy brings us closer to the field of psychosis, a type of mental disorders in Spain that affect 440,000 people, according to the Congress for Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia and other psychoses, 2006.

To focus the issue, should be distinguished from psychotic disorders of the neurotic; those-such as depression-affecting the mood, but do not "lose your head", while the psychosis is characterized by the loss of a sense of reality and the vision of the world that shares the generality of humans.

Woody Allen said that "a psychotic is someone who thinks that two two are five, a neurotic knows that there are four but does not like." According to the psychiatrist Thomas Szasz, there is another difference: "in psychiatry is a person qualifies for neurotic if you suffer for their problems, and if you suffer from psychotic to others."

The most common symptoms of psychosis are in the form of cognitive disorders, perceptive, emotional and behavioural. The first-the cognitive-affecting intelligence, reason and understanding and make, for example, ideas of who suffers from becoming strangers to each other.

It also alters the thread of thought: no one understands the relationship they have with some other ideas except the affected. His speech becomes confused, his thoughts seem to accelerate or slow down and has difficulty concentrating, follow the thread of the conversation or remembering recent events.

Sometimes cree suffers from delusions and unusual things, for example, by the way that cars parked next to his house, thinks that the police are monitoring him and any reasoning or evidence against achieved disappointments.

Fear of fear

Patients with panic disorder often have a previous history of apprehension and concern about physical symptoms that lead to a catastrophic interpretation of bodily sensations.

Fear of fear define very well to this trend, where emotions and sensations of a different nature and origin end up being labelled by the patient as signs of physical disaster "will give me a heart attack," or mental "I will return crazy," it entered into a state growing very fast and acute anxiety to settle the panic attack.

There is a certain level of controversy in the scientific world, it seems that a previous state of anxiety could lead to widespread panic disorder, although there would be other patients who experience panic without identifiable cause, from a previous state of tranquillity.

Most often the patient is suffering from a state of anxiety and excessive personal possession variables autodemanda, refining and environmental and personal control.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy has been shown as an effective method for patients with these difficulties. This method is basa in relations between the thinking and anguish, the identification of thoughts, exercises avoided confrontation situations, strategies and distraction relaxation and breathing techniques.