Romeo and Julieta, Hamlet, the king Lear, Macbeth, Otelo: their acts and thoughts know each other in the entire world. Surprisingly, it is known little about William Shakespeare, the actor and author that I believe these characters.
Their literary legacy is perhaps the richest in the world: 37 plays, 154 sonnets, two narrative poems and versed varoes. But two of these works are only irrefutably authentic; there are not letters or newspapers that you/they reveal their personal feelings; of their fist and letter only exists a variety of scrabbled signatures and 147 lines of a scene for a work in collaboration, written toward the year 1595 but suppressed by the censors. Although the achievements of William Shakespeare like playwright were recognized by their contemporaries, he thought that they would be their poems those that would bring him any fame that deserved. Their complete works were only published seven years after their death, in 1616, and some erudites don't still accept that all they have been written by him. The possible biographers only have a series of diffuse details to reconstruct their life.
Who was Shakespeare?
In the parochial registration of Stratford-upon-Avon, a town of 20 thousand inhabitants 34 km to the east of Birmingham, England, figures, written in Latin and dated April of 1564, 26 an annotation on the baptism of Gulielmus, filius Johannes Shaksper": William, son of John Shakespeare. William was the third (and first male) of the eight children that had Mary they Burn and John Shakespeare, a glover and occasionally local official. He/she was possibly born 2 or 3 days before their baptism. Anything is not known about the education of William, but it is supposed that it attended the primary of Stratford, where it was studied in Latin. Their formation perhaps included to attend the church and to study the Bible intensively. At the end of November or beginnings of December of 1582, Shakespeare was 18 years old and he/she married Anne Hathaway, a prosperous farmer's daughter and eight years adult that him. Six months later had their daughter Susanna and in February of 1585 they had twins: a male, Hamnet, and another girl, Judith. From then on and up to 1592 in that he/she appears in London like actor famous and successful playwright, anything is not known about William Shakespeare. These are their seven lost years.
The upstart
During the years of maturation of Shakespeare, the local theaters of Stratford financed fans' presentations occasionally in the Pentecost. Perhaps there Shakespeare acted for the first time. Or perhaps it traveled to the near Coventry to attend one of the last cycles of medieval theater of mystery presented by union members. It is for sure he/she could witness one of the companies itinerantes that visited their town regularly. Between December of 1586 and December of 1587 they not appeared in Stratford less than five companies; one of them an actor needed, because the previous one, when taking a dissipated life, he had died in a tavern fight. Did the company maybe leave of Stratford with an ambitious actor novice? The first reference of Shakespeare in London is not very flattering. The fruitful playwright Robert Greene wrote in its pamphlet Four penny of genius, published posthumously in 1592, an invective against a know-it-all that had the audacity of being made go by playwright. Distrust of that " upstart ", Greene noticed to its colleagues authors, ...que with heart of tiger hidden low actor skin feels as the best in you, but its free verses are boastful". The intruder, Greene complained, it is considered itself the only one that can ' Shakudir' to the public". The literary detectives point out these words like a raw reference to Shakespeare, when relating them with Enrique's appointment I SAW, it leaves III, one of their first works, in which the captive duke from York refers to the vengeful queen Margarita like to a heart of tiger hidden low woman skin"
The lord Males Chamberlain
Perhaps due to the attack of Greene, the historians consider Enrique's three parts I SAW as the first creations of Shakespeare. They were possibly written before 1592, when he/she was an inexperienced actor in one of the London companies as that of the Queen's Males. But January 28 1593 the activities of Shakespeare like actor and author were interrupted, the same as those of their colleagues. Due to a bud of pest in London, the Real Council prohibited all the works, games of skittles and shows that gather to public's class (exception made with sermons and religious services in the churches)". The theaters were not reopened but until the autumn of 1594. For when he/she fell the pest, Shakespeare a protector, the youth it had been offered and I bet count of Southampton, to who dedicated their narrative poems Venus and Adonis and Lucrecia's molestation. Appeared in 1593, Venus yAdonis was its first published work. When the theaters were reopened, Shakespeare was already member of the lord Males Chamberlain, the company with which associated until he/she retired later of the scenario 18 years. The accounting of the queen's treasurer Isabel registers William Shakespeare like one of the three lord servants Chamberlain to who you/he/she was paid to act before the queen the 26 and 28 of December of 1594, in functions mounted in her palace of Greenwich. Conform to their comedies, tragedies and historical dramas they happened, Shakespeare won fame and wealth, because soon after he/she was already shareholder of the company, as well as its main playwright. It is possible that it has directed their own works and it is known that it continued acting in own and other people's works, among them those of their protected youth Ben Jonson. It is counted that their best personification was that of the ghost of the father of Hamlet, and the brother smaller than Shakespeare he/she reminds it acting as the old servant Adam in the work Like you like.
Although Shakespeare seemed relatively indifferent to the publication of its theater, several of its works they were published at the end of the century, with or without its authorization, frequently without its name appeared. In some cases the author had to publish corrected versions of works of his property that you/they either appeared in an incomplete or distorted way. In February of 1599, Shakespeare associated with other members of the lord Males Chamberlain to rent a place in the south riverside of the Támesis and it erected a new theater, the Globe there. In the autumn, the Globe was inaugurated with Julio's presentation Caesar.
I return to Stratford
It is not known if Anne Hathaway went to London with its three children to live with its husband. But it seems to be that the famous actor and playwright maintained to his family in Stratford, first in a small house in the street Henley and starting from 1597 in an elegant house of three plants and five frontons, located after a patio in the street Chapel, in front of the church to the one that attended of boy. Their son Hamnet died to the 12 years, but Shakespeare he/she lived to see the weddings of its two daughters and to Susanna, the biggest, to give to light to the girl that would be its only granddaughter, Elizabeth Hall. Soon after of 1612, Shakespeare retired at Stratford and March 25 1616 it signed its testament, with its peculiar order of bequeathing ''su second better bed to which was its wife during 33 years. He/she died later one month, April 23, when he/she was 52 years old.
In search of Shakespeare
The works of William Shakespeare is so solid and durable that with the time, it has been doubted that they come from a single person, especially somebody with so little formation as an unknown actor of Stratford. With their intricate plots and unforgettable characters, the celebrated works explore the human emotions in all their depth and they reveal the knowledge that had the author it has more than enough history, literature, philosophy, right and even court label. Where did he/she learn this campirano, relegated by the society, the form in that the aristocrats and the lawyers spoke? Is it possible that the actor lent his name to an important and learned official that wanted to maintain the responsibility of his works secretly? In 1781, an English clergyman Ilamado J. Wilmot, after revising the files of Stratford, reached the astonishing conclusion that a man of the extraction of Shakespeare didn't have the education and necessary experience to write the immortals works. Wilmot didn't want to publish its thesis and it burned its notes, but it trusted its suspicions to a friend. This conversation was not published but up to 1932. While, in the XIX century, English academics and North Americans outlined similar theories. One of them, William Henry Smith, proposed in 1856 to Francis Bacon like author of the works. This essayist, philosopher and statesman was Jaime's high official I, the queen's successor Isabel who promoted it to a range of nobility. The academics of both sides of the Atlantic rushed on Smith's hypothesis and they produced an avalanche of arguments and documentation to sustain it. The baconianos, like they were called, they pointed out that Francis Bacon had the qualities of those that the actor lacked: classic education, a position in the court and solid right knowledge. But it stops distress of the theory, Bacon didn't care the theater and it is not known about any free verse written by him. Calvin Hoffman, academic of the USA, he/she affirmed in 1955 that the author of the works of Shakespeare was the playwright isabelino Christopher Marlowe who in 1593 it confronted the prisíón and even the death for his heretical opinions. According to the theory of Hoffman, Marlowe faked its own murder in a tavern to the south of London, being the true victim a foreign marine, and later he/she escaped to Europe, where it continued writing the class of works that you/they had already won him fame in London and he/she sent them to England to be produced under the name of Shakespeare.
Candidates aristocrats
Other literary investigators have affirmed that they were not Bacon neither Marlowe, neither the young playwright Ben Jonson who wrote the works of Shakespeare. The true author was a nobleman that considered unworthy to write theater or that he feared the real anger to express in public his political opinions. The candidates aristocrats -all them more or less contemporary of Shakespeare - they are: William Stanley, sixth count of Derby; Roger Manners, fifth count of Rutland, and Edward of I will See, the famous seventeenth count from Oxford. Although lord Derby was interested a lot in the theater and he/she wrote some works, he/she fits to make notice that he/she lived 26 years more than Shakespeare and in that lapse more works shakesperianas were not published. In what concerns to lord Rutland, this was hardly 16 years of age old in 1592, year in that at least three works of Shakespeare had already been written and produced. On the other hand, lord Oxford died in 1604, while you work teachers of Shakespeare as The king Lear, Macbeth and The Tempest they appeared one after another up to 1612, year of that one thinks that Shakespeare began its retirement in Stratford. In spite of the intriguing speculations about a secret author that hid after the name of a rustic author, today almost all accept William Shakespeare of Stratford-upon-Avon like the true author of the big works that are attributed. Their genius was recognized in his own time and his responsibility was not denied in its time. It is useless to try to explain how he/she acquired the experience and talent to produce such a work. It is better to thank that the youth left her humble origin behind when you/he/she left to London, 400 years ago. The world won much more when he decided to act this way.
Their literary legacy is perhaps the richest in the world: 37 plays, 154 sonnets, two narrative poems and versed varoes. But two of these works are only irrefutably authentic; there are not letters or newspapers that you/they reveal their personal feelings; of their fist and letter only exists a variety of scrabbled signatures and 147 lines of a scene for a work in collaboration, written toward the year 1595 but suppressed by the censors. Although the achievements of William Shakespeare like playwright were recognized by their contemporaries, he thought that they would be their poems those that would bring him any fame that deserved. Their complete works were only published seven years after their death, in 1616, and some erudites don't still accept that all they have been written by him. The possible biographers only have a series of diffuse details to reconstruct their life.
Who was Shakespeare?
In the parochial registration of Stratford-upon-Avon, a town of 20 thousand inhabitants 34 km to the east of Birmingham, England, figures, written in Latin and dated April of 1564, 26 an annotation on the baptism of Gulielmus, filius Johannes Shaksper": William, son of John Shakespeare. William was the third (and first male) of the eight children that had Mary they Burn and John Shakespeare, a glover and occasionally local official. He/she was possibly born 2 or 3 days before their baptism. Anything is not known about the education of William, but it is supposed that it attended the primary of Stratford, where it was studied in Latin. Their formation perhaps included to attend the church and to study the Bible intensively. At the end of November or beginnings of December of 1582, Shakespeare was 18 years old and he/she married Anne Hathaway, a prosperous farmer's daughter and eight years adult that him. Six months later had their daughter Susanna and in February of 1585 they had twins: a male, Hamnet, and another girl, Judith. From then on and up to 1592 in that he/she appears in London like actor famous and successful playwright, anything is not known about William Shakespeare. These are their seven lost years.
The upstart
During the years of maturation of Shakespeare, the local theaters of Stratford financed fans' presentations occasionally in the Pentecost. Perhaps there Shakespeare acted for the first time. Or perhaps it traveled to the near Coventry to attend one of the last cycles of medieval theater of mystery presented by union members. It is for sure he/she could witness one of the companies itinerantes that visited their town regularly. Between December of 1586 and December of 1587 they not appeared in Stratford less than five companies; one of them an actor needed, because the previous one, when taking a dissipated life, he had died in a tavern fight. Did the company maybe leave of Stratford with an ambitious actor novice? The first reference of Shakespeare in London is not very flattering. The fruitful playwright Robert Greene wrote in its pamphlet Four penny of genius, published posthumously in 1592, an invective against a know-it-all that had the audacity of being made go by playwright. Distrust of that " upstart ", Greene noticed to its colleagues authors, ...que with heart of tiger hidden low actor skin feels as the best in you, but its free verses are boastful". The intruder, Greene complained, it is considered itself the only one that can ' Shakudir' to the public". The literary detectives point out these words like a raw reference to Shakespeare, when relating them with Enrique's appointment I SAW, it leaves III, one of their first works, in which the captive duke from York refers to the vengeful queen Margarita like to a heart of tiger hidden low woman skin"
The lord Males Chamberlain
Perhaps due to the attack of Greene, the historians consider Enrique's three parts I SAW as the first creations of Shakespeare. They were possibly written before 1592, when he/she was an inexperienced actor in one of the London companies as that of the Queen's Males. But January 28 1593 the activities of Shakespeare like actor and author were interrupted, the same as those of their colleagues. Due to a bud of pest in London, the Real Council prohibited all the works, games of skittles and shows that gather to public's class (exception made with sermons and religious services in the churches)". The theaters were not reopened but until the autumn of 1594. For when he/she fell the pest, Shakespeare a protector, the youth it had been offered and I bet count of Southampton, to who dedicated their narrative poems Venus and Adonis and Lucrecia's molestation. Appeared in 1593, Venus yAdonis was its first published work. When the theaters were reopened, Shakespeare was already member of the lord Males Chamberlain, the company with which associated until he/she retired later of the scenario 18 years. The accounting of the queen's treasurer Isabel registers William Shakespeare like one of the three lord servants Chamberlain to who you/he/she was paid to act before the queen the 26 and 28 of December of 1594, in functions mounted in her palace of Greenwich. Conform to their comedies, tragedies and historical dramas they happened, Shakespeare won fame and wealth, because soon after he/she was already shareholder of the company, as well as its main playwright. It is possible that it has directed their own works and it is known that it continued acting in own and other people's works, among them those of their protected youth Ben Jonson. It is counted that their best personification was that of the ghost of the father of Hamlet, and the brother smaller than Shakespeare he/she reminds it acting as the old servant Adam in the work Like you like.
Although Shakespeare seemed relatively indifferent to the publication of its theater, several of its works they were published at the end of the century, with or without its authorization, frequently without its name appeared. In some cases the author had to publish corrected versions of works of his property that you/they either appeared in an incomplete or distorted way. In February of 1599, Shakespeare associated with other members of the lord Males Chamberlain to rent a place in the south riverside of the Támesis and it erected a new theater, the Globe there. In the autumn, the Globe was inaugurated with Julio's presentation Caesar.
I return to Stratford
It is not known if Anne Hathaway went to London with its three children to live with its husband. But it seems to be that the famous actor and playwright maintained to his family in Stratford, first in a small house in the street Henley and starting from 1597 in an elegant house of three plants and five frontons, located after a patio in the street Chapel, in front of the church to the one that attended of boy. Their son Hamnet died to the 12 years, but Shakespeare he/she lived to see the weddings of its two daughters and to Susanna, the biggest, to give to light to the girl that would be its only granddaughter, Elizabeth Hall. Soon after of 1612, Shakespeare retired at Stratford and March 25 1616 it signed its testament, with its peculiar order of bequeathing ''su second better bed to which was its wife during 33 years. He/she died later one month, April 23, when he/she was 52 years old.
In search of Shakespeare
The works of William Shakespeare is so solid and durable that with the time, it has been doubted that they come from a single person, especially somebody with so little formation as an unknown actor of Stratford. With their intricate plots and unforgettable characters, the celebrated works explore the human emotions in all their depth and they reveal the knowledge that had the author it has more than enough history, literature, philosophy, right and even court label. Where did he/she learn this campirano, relegated by the society, the form in that the aristocrats and the lawyers spoke? Is it possible that the actor lent his name to an important and learned official that wanted to maintain the responsibility of his works secretly? In 1781, an English clergyman Ilamado J. Wilmot, after revising the files of Stratford, reached the astonishing conclusion that a man of the extraction of Shakespeare didn't have the education and necessary experience to write the immortals works. Wilmot didn't want to publish its thesis and it burned its notes, but it trusted its suspicions to a friend. This conversation was not published but up to 1932. While, in the XIX century, English academics and North Americans outlined similar theories. One of them, William Henry Smith, proposed in 1856 to Francis Bacon like author of the works. This essayist, philosopher and statesman was Jaime's high official I, the queen's successor Isabel who promoted it to a range of nobility. The academics of both sides of the Atlantic rushed on Smith's hypothesis and they produced an avalanche of arguments and documentation to sustain it. The baconianos, like they were called, they pointed out that Francis Bacon had the qualities of those that the actor lacked: classic education, a position in the court and solid right knowledge. But it stops distress of the theory, Bacon didn't care the theater and it is not known about any free verse written by him. Calvin Hoffman, academic of the USA, he/she affirmed in 1955 that the author of the works of Shakespeare was the playwright isabelino Christopher Marlowe who in 1593 it confronted the prisíón and even the death for his heretical opinions. According to the theory of Hoffman, Marlowe faked its own murder in a tavern to the south of London, being the true victim a foreign marine, and later he/she escaped to Europe, where it continued writing the class of works that you/they had already won him fame in London and he/she sent them to England to be produced under the name of Shakespeare.
Candidates aristocrats
Other literary investigators have affirmed that they were not Bacon neither Marlowe, neither the young playwright Ben Jonson who wrote the works of Shakespeare. The true author was a nobleman that considered unworthy to write theater or that he feared the real anger to express in public his political opinions. The candidates aristocrats -all them more or less contemporary of Shakespeare - they are: William Stanley, sixth count of Derby; Roger Manners, fifth count of Rutland, and Edward of I will See, the famous seventeenth count from Oxford. Although lord Derby was interested a lot in the theater and he/she wrote some works, he/she fits to make notice that he/she lived 26 years more than Shakespeare and in that lapse more works shakesperianas were not published. In what concerns to lord Rutland, this was hardly 16 years of age old in 1592, year in that at least three works of Shakespeare had already been written and produced. On the other hand, lord Oxford died in 1604, while you work teachers of Shakespeare as The king Lear, Macbeth and The Tempest they appeared one after another up to 1612, year of that one thinks that Shakespeare began its retirement in Stratford. In spite of the intriguing speculations about a secret author that hid after the name of a rustic author, today almost all accept William Shakespeare of Stratford-upon-Avon like the true author of the big works that are attributed. Their genius was recognized in his own time and his responsibility was not denied in its time. It is useless to try to explain how he/she acquired the experience and talent to produce such a work. It is better to thank that the youth left her humble origin behind when you/he/she left to London, 400 years ago. The world won much more when he decided to act this way.
