In front of the fission energy that is currently the used in the world, an important part of the efforts of the scientists is centered in investigating the great alternative, inexhaustible and clean: the fusion energy, and in short in a variant of the same one: the cold" "fusion.
We know that the nuclear fusion currently more developed and investigated it is the one that binds the isotopes of hydrogen (tritium and deuterium) through high temperatures (a hundred million grades). It is the call warm fusion.
This immense heat is necessary to expire the force of electrostatic repulsion of the isotopes (when having the electric same imposition), exciting them in such a way that you/they end up uniting, creating a new state of the matter: the plasma.
Given the difficulties to procure those temperatures and, mainly, to confine the plasma (for magnetic confinement or for inertial confinement), the cold fusion has been investigating that is able to create energy without heating necessity.
The experiment of Fleischmann and Pons.-
As it usually happens in science, the first results were achieved by chance. 1989 two American chemists' of the University of Utah (Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons) March 23 assured in a conference achieved book credit the cold fusion by means of a plain genius and through the electrolysis, with a bar of flanked paladio without stopping of platinum, submerged in water weighted sample (rich in deuterium).
With this system, applying an electric current, the deuterium separates the oxygen of the water and he/she accumulates in the paladio bar. Arrived a point, the cores of the deuterium and of the paladio they melt to room temperature, causing the nuclear reaction that releases energy, detected by the emission of neutrons.
Fleischmann and Pons that came developing the experiment from 1984 with funds of the Department of Energy of U.S, assured obtained book credit the equivalent one to 1 energy watio for cubic centimetre of water, what would represent 1 million times more than what you/they showed the measured emissions of neutrons and some 50 times more than the utilized energy.
However, the scientific community didn't believe such results, trying by all possible means to reproduce the experiment without success.
It is more, if those data were correct, the released neutrons would have killed to the whole scientific team that was present in the experiment, that which didn't happen (fortunately).
The extraneous of the case is that it has not reproduced this result again and it is more, the two scientist wanted to publish the experiment in the magazine Nature (it is the investigators' standard to publish their results in magazines scientists to give them to know and to grant world relevance to the same ones), but they didn't achieve it when not responding to the logics questions of the scientific teams of the publication.
The experiment of Scaramuzzi.-
In spite of the failures of the scientists and to that one says consequently that the cold fusion was not possible, retiring several controls and labs of its investigation, few weeks after the announcement of the Americans, the Italian Professor Scaramuzzi changed some elements of the experiment and, although it didn't achieve the energy "obtained" by Fleischmann and Pons, yes it demonstrated that the fusion in cold is possible.
Their experiment deleted the electrolysis and it substituted the paladio for a titanium ball. Submerging the titanium in gaseous and achieved deuterium a balance between the pressure of the gas and the temperature, the fusion was gotten. The professor Scaramuzzi measured 491 issued drives of neutrons when he/she only hoped to register 30.
The cold fusion at the present time.-
Inside the investigations routed to achieve practical and profitable long term results, the technique of the sonoluminiscencia is applying that consists basically in the emission of light for the submitted liquids to ultrasounds.
The future of the cold fusion.-
In spite of being the black sheep in the investigations it has more than enough fusion, of being procured similar results to those of Fleischmann and Pons, it would suppose it a revolution in the energy fonts.
A single liter of fuel would satisfy the energy necessities of an entire building during several years, or of a family during all its life.
Also, the energy of cold fusion, doesn't not only infect and it is inexhaustible (as that of warm fusion), but rather it is also very much cheaper of procuring. All the nations could have their generating plants and you could end up even thinking of vehicles moved by nuclear fusion, generating portable teams, atomic inexhaustible battery, airships and ships that didn't need to refuel, etc.
And going further on, it could even favor the colonization of other planets.
However, with the feet in the floor must wait still some more years to see the first results, if it is that the controls put true interest in the cold fusion and the particular economic interests of energy companies don't prevail and of those same controls in relation to the current fuels.
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