The daltonism is the inability to perceive certain colors, or in some confusion as red and green. This problem was first described by English chemist John Dalton (1766-1852). This condition is hereditary and is linked to a recessive gene associated with the sex of the person and linked to chromosome X. Since women have two X chromosomes, they may be carriers of the disease, but few have it. By contrast, men usually do.
Moreover, about ten men, one holds a degree from Dalton. A cell is altered, thus directly affects the cone cells of the retina that are responsible for color perception. There are several types of Dalton, among which is the rarest of the monochromatic or cone acromatopsia. This event prevents the detection of colors, so that the person sees in black and white, and that it affects both sexes equally. Dichromate is otherwise for those who possess only two of the three types of cones in the retina.
They are divided into protanopes: Individuals sensitive to red, representing one in every hundred men, deuteranopes: confused shades of red, green and yellow and affects five of every hundred men, and tritanopes: blind to blue and confused shades of green and blue.
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