What is daltonism? History

The daltonism is the inability to perceive certain colors, or in some confusion as red and green. This problem was first described by English chemist John Dalton (1766-1852). This condition is hereditary and is linked to a recessive gene associated with the sex of the person and linked to chromosome X. Since women have two X chromosomes, they may be carriers of the disease, but few have it. By contrast, men usually do.

Moreover, about ten men, one holds a degree from Dalton. A cell is altered, thus directly affects the cone cells of the retina that are responsible for color perception. There are several types of Dalton, among which is the rarest of the monochromatic or cone acromatopsia. This event prevents the detection of colors, so that the person sees in black and white, and that it affects both sexes equally. Dichromate is otherwise for those who possess only two of the three types of cones in the retina.

They are divided into protanopes: Individuals sensitive to red, representing one in every hundred men, deuteranopes: confused shades of red, green and yellow and affects five of every hundred men, and tritanopes: blind to blue and confused shades of green and blue.

Treating wrinkles in the eyes of women

The skin around the eyes is the finest of the face has only a thickness of 0.5 mm while the rest between 1 and 1.5 mm. This is because it lacks a protective layer, as it lacks oil glands, and collagen and elastin fibers are distributed in unequal proportions. Moreover, many factors affecting this area: lack of sleep, the sun, dislikes, alcohol, snuff, the laughter and the constant blinking of the eyes. The myopic, for example, tend to have more wrinkles in this area because they usually gather to see the eyes better.

Therefore this is the part of the face that require more care and caution to avoid, which begins with some smooth lines of expression, they quickly become the dreaded "crow's feet."

Around the eye should not apply never masks, or any products that are not specifically recommended for this area, except for moisturizing creams. You must always use a special remover, gentle but able to remove all traces of makeup and with a pH similar to the tear (7.5). In this line are: Emulsion demaquillante Stendhal, milk cleaning Botanicals of Coty, demaquillante Chanel pour les yeux. In case of trouble you can use a very fat cream, the kind of Nivea.

Once the skin is completely clean is to apply a special cream for this area (it should do so from 25 years before the first wrinkles to appear). We currently have two types of products, some more gentle form of gel, fitted with anti-free for the day, and more dense and nutritious for the night: Restorative Cream Contour des yeux Stendhal. Concentra -
to do Equatone eyelids of Coty. Pencil bioactive eyelids bar for Coty. Skin Life T.P.A. (Anti-wrinkle) Helena Rubinstein. Eye lift (complex corrective) Chanel.

The cream is light to penetrate through a circular massage from the outside of the eye to the lacrimal, and typing "gently with the fingertips to stimulate the skin.

How to Prevent Falls

Approximately seventeen million people worldwide are blind because of cataracts, an eye disease that involves the loss of transparency of eye lenses, which prevent the passage of light. It is known that one of the causes of this disorder, which can be treated by surgery, is the high amount of glucose in the blood.

So often people with diabetes cataracts. Other risk factors include exposure to electromagnetic radiation, ionizing, microwave, infrared, and according to recent epidemiological studies, ultraviolet radiation. These rays are a component of sunlight, hence the sunglasses that filter, play an important role in preventing cataracts. If you have to go through the surgery, do not be scared. The surgery has progressed dramatically in this area and the results are usually good.

And exercises to improve eye sight

Many ophthalmologists recommend conducting these exercises to improve eye and approach to help the eye muscles to work in a synchronized manner. Practice at least three days a week:

• Place onto a paper written with letters about the size of a front-page newspaper. Located six meters from the site and focus on reading. After successfully, remove the element of focus and repeat the exercise. Perform for five or ten ninutos each day of practice.

• Write several words on paper without any order of the alphabet, in regular size. Placed one meter away and sort them alphabetically

• Writing about a tennis ball several letters in a size slightly larger than normal. Then roll the ball trying to figure out the letters written.

Treatment to cure a Hordeolum

When the base of a tab below or above the eyelid becomes infected by an invasion of germs (Staphylococcus), there is a very annoying call Hordeolum inflammation. The beginning is often the pain that the eyelid becomes swollen and then leaves, soon after, a red that may contain pus. All this in an inflammatory halo. Some Hordeolum heal more quickly, while the most progress developing a tip that is opened after several days of discomfort, pain and even difficulty seeing.

What to do?
At the first symptom, it must prepare a warm chamomile tea (the only indication is that this tea is its use in pediatrics external) were soaked in a piece of cotton and placed on Hordeolum with gentle pressure. This would favor the formation of the tip. These warm compresses should be applied several times during the day until the Hordeolum mature enough and up. When bursting or reabsorbs will relieve the pain. If there is pus, it should be removed with a cotton swab soaked in chamomile tea or warm boiled water. No need to put antibiotic drops or ointments, especially those containing corticosteroids.

Check with your doctor
■ If no improvement after one week.
■ If the lid is fully inflamed.
■ If your child is dawning with the eye stuck in secretion.
■ If there is swelling and redness around the eye.

The eyes, a mirror of the soul to conquer

When we find someone who attracts us, our pupils dilate involuntarily, often coming to multiply four times its normal size.

While thinking in situations pleasant and enjoyable to encourage the expansion of its pupils, test in front of the mirror gestures that leave uncovered his eyes. Will be received by the other person as a good sign, as an invitation to love.

Why are there bags on the eyes?

That is because unleashes in the lower eyelid are the lacrimal glands that at some point become FLAC and the fat located at the site loses tone.

Are exacerbated by smoking, stress, insomnia. You can mitigate with cold compresses of camomile tea, with creams for eyelids, lymphatic drainage. If they were too big, with plastic surgery.

Therapy to prevent blindness

To better Verte. The drug therapy for glaucoma can prevent blindness, but until today, this meant multiple daily doses of beta blockers and potential side effects as impotence.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States has approved a new drug: the latanoprost (Xalatan), which is effective in a single daily dose and has much fewer side effects. "Patients are more convinced taking latanoprost regularly," says Dr. Ronald Gross, an associate professor of ophthalmology at Baylor College of Medicine. Unfortunately, drugs obscures the iris of the eye clear of people.

The FDA recommends that doctors use medicine as a last resort, to realize what is causing the discoloration.

Why us blind flash?

All the light that reaches our eyes stimulates substances in a protein called purple or retinal Rhodopsin.
Specifically, their molecules react decomposing, giving rise to an electrical impulse that is transmitted to the brain via the optic nenio.

If the brightness is normal, our retinas have enough rodopsina to function smoothly.
By contrast, when a flash is affected by photographic or other overdose photon-like the one that occurs to look directly at the sun, these molecules stimulate the photochromic nenio excess, which produces a saturation point.
The blindness is, therefore, the time spent in the back of retinal purple fogonazo.

Red eyes

The redness shows up in all the forms and sizes, although you are only worrying if you persist more than two days, or you accompany of pain or of any type of secretion.

The good known cause is the conjunctivitis, very contagious infection. It can also be a cause a pool with a lot of chlorine, or a break of a blood vessel, among other.

To prevent it or to alleviate the red, tearful eyes or with itch, you are to have much care with the products of cleaning. You should only be tried to use handkerchiefs descartables and soaps, cosmetics and detergents without perfuming; you are very probable that the cause is an allergy to those products.

You are also to ventilate the eyepiece globes at nights. The continuous use of contact len produces a rub in the cornea, and ésto it can cause fissures that take to an infection; the eyeglasses are also a barrier for the oxygen and they encourage the development of bacteria. for that reason, you are fundamental to retire them during the night.

Also, you always suit to be protected with specific products. The artificial tears that are bandaged without necessity of prescription physician, can alleviate the red eyes because of the dry air or for the rooms full with fume.

Bionic vision - artificial eyes

Undelete the view again, you are a very ambitious, more ambitious objective that to undelete any other body organ. To the applicants to develop kind of a bionic eye, they still have left a lot you, and the prostheses to implant electrodes directly in the brain like one makes with other organs, they are also in a very preliminary process.

The scientists got that a person to which were applied this developing treatment as test, saw points called luminous "fosfenos", (the stars that appear when being rubbed the eyes) when they sent you electric stimuli. With signals in sequences that drew forms, that person ended up reading letters. The results of this studio in the visual cortex of a blind person during 22 years, are very esperanzadores to develop a visual prosthesis.

The future objective, logically, consists on connecting a device from these features to a camera, and to a computer able to translate the images. but to marry chips permanently the brain outlines problems of surety. for example, one of the questions vugentes is still that you would happen if the metal of the electrodes, by force of supporting electric downloads, becomes noxious substances for the nerve tissue.

Even this way, you are viable this resource for which still exist a hope to undelete the vision of those non seers.

Artificial retina will allow to see to blind

Recently he commented the development of a bionic contact len that allowed to raise the vision of the focused objects. Now, we meet with a more interesting notice, a team of Japanese scientists of the University of Osaka and the Institute Nara of Science and technology they have developed a system of artificial vision that make arrive visual signals to the brain, what would allow to undelete the mediating vision this blind technical people.

The device consists on some glasses of sun that take incorporate some chambers of filming of images and in some electrodes that are implanted in the eye with a not very invasive surgery. Each electrode has a similar resolution to that of a píxel of digital image, and the scientists hope to end up implanting up to 100 electrodes in some years, what would suppose that a blind man could distinguish objects with articulation to 30 centimeters of distance.

Also, the system includes the implant in the eye of a game of electrodes of four square millimeters that you/they boost the optical ledge. Once the signals reach the brain, the patient can see again. The quality of the vision procured by the system depends on the number of electrodes that you/they are implanted in the eye, so that we make ourselves an idea, each one of these electrodes is comparable with a píxel of the digital picture. The implanted electrodes are floppy thanks to the use of chips of integrated circuits.

The idea of the investigators is that your invention you can market in 2012, for the moment, this year, the plans are to implant, with surgery, 49 electrodes of the third generation of the system in the eye of a patient, with the objective of improving the effectiveness of the device so that you allow to see something more than you shine.

Retinal Detachment

The retina is the nervous membrane of the eye and the most important. Their intimate structure is not exactly same in its fullest extent. A petty part exists, in what we could name axis central, called stain or yellow blemish that it allows the perfect vision of the objects for its fine composition. Their alteration well for accident or for illness, it determines the visual central forfeiture.

Their lawsuits are numerous, but maybe the most frequent have a vascular origin, be general or local, that is to say reside in the same vessels of the retina or not. It can exist the occlusion of the central artery or a thrombosis of the vein, general ledger haemorrhages or pettier importance, phlebitis, alterations originated by the diabetes, the hypertension, the arteriosclerosis, etc. many times the sick person experiences a visual forfeiture, in a sudden or gradual way, according to the affection that it is. It owes recomendársele that still not being pains, be made recognize urgently for the expert.

The retina can also suffer degenerative, parasitic illnesses, tumors, etc.; that they usually carry always importance.

As it is that the retinal detachment is the most frequent affection and it is usually in the mind of many people, it is considered opportune to extend in the relationship of its lawsuits, symptoms and treatment. A good number of cases can cures with surgical medical treatment and what is more important, to be prevented by means of periodic visits to the expert. The treatments are usually effective and with a good prevention many times the feared abruption doesn't arrive.

Condition such as inflammatory alterations of the ciliary body, processes senile involutivos or degenerative, some vitreous mood disturbances, cranial traumatisms or violent efforts, certain coroides tumors, some possible acarid like the cisticerco and, certainly, the hereditary predisposition, they are lawsuits common of the retinal detachment, as he/she comes off of the test of all the oculists. The most frequent lawsuit that originates the retinal detachment resides in the myopia, visual quite communio bug. Of there the importance that all myopic fellow goes to the specialist physician regularly, not only as soon as it concerns to his optical correction that should be always for that, but also to prevent the possible retinal detachment appearance. The myopia like refractive bug is strange, the so much biggest percent constitutes it the nearsighted illness or myopia axil. All myopic person, although it already takes the appropriate eyeglasses and believe to be well, he/she should go to the oculist at least once a year. Many abruptions and other visual serious dysfunctions would be avoided if you follows this standard and not the pernicious and frequent custom of going to the optics store without the previous visit to the specialist physician.

The sick person at the beginning of the retinal detachment, notes that he lacks a part of its visual field, or you see the deformed objects and it appraises in general kind of a velum or of curtain for before the space that is about looking with one of its eyes. This sensation, days before he/she can go preceded of fotopsias, that is to say, as of some luminous gleams more or less volatile. With the night rest the symptom sometimes disappears, but he/she repeats and it is accentuated as they lapse the hours of the day. The fellow doesn't sometimes perceive these symptoms, mainly if the eye with abruption already had worse vision or knowingly he/she went defectively corrected.
Although in general a retinal detachment doesn't require an operation of urgency, it is convenient that the patient is visited soon. The oculist should make a careful exploration of the bottom of the eye, and overdraft the abruption, although it is of little extension, it will overwork the exploration in the search of some possible retina fissure. It is not always in the first exploration, for what is advisable some days of absolute rest in bed with binocular bandage to discover the fissures before making the intervention, only mean of obtaining the cure of the illness.

The more old it is the abruption minors possibilities he/she offers of a total cure: because although in the surgical aspect the reaplicación of the retina can be procured in its place, the grade of visual recovered capacity is affected by the lapsed time. It is explained to it because, to the being the retina such a delicate membrane, and when being deviant of their free position, it is affected in their nutrition, with the degenerative consequential alterations, accented point as much as general ledger has been the time in that the retina has suffered this deviation.

Cataract Operation of the Eye lens

He is named cataract to the operation of the eye lens, and it in fact consists on extracting it opacificado. Usually, the eye lens has the form of a biconvex lens and a size of 10 millimeters in equatorial sense and 5 millimeters of anteroposterior axis. For the accommodation quality, thanks to some special fibers, it is the one that completes the most important paper because it is the one that decides the focus of the proximate objects.

The lawsuits that can give place to the cataract are multiple. Among them hereditary factors that would determine in the mature or senile age their formation fit. On the other hand, genetic and embryological factors exist, and already in the maternal cloister he/she can the petty one to lose temper, with the following appearance of a congenital cataract that will show in the youth in occasions.

But, there are also general illnesses that can end up manifesting this illness: the diabetes, the intoxications (be due to the naphthalene, to the thallium or the rye ergot), and certain medicinal preparations that are used to cure the obesity and that they contain dinitrofenoles. Those cataracts generally enter a quite quick evolution and their only treatment consists on the operation. Other less frequent lawsuits exist, as a consequence of dysfunctions endocrinológicos pluriglandulares, as gónadas and paratiroides. In the mongolism and the mixedema it is also conserved, in occasions, the appearance of cataracts.

The most usual case is represented by the call senile cataract whose lawsuit is not still known with accuracy, but that it constitutes a positive manifestation of the age. They probably take place in the organism metabolic general dysfunctions that little by little drive to the formation of the cataract. At the beginning they are noted in one or both eyes diverse symptoms, being the main one the visual gradual forfeiture. He suits to keep in mind that simultaneously to the appearance of the cataract, the sick person can it turns affected by other eye diseases that if they are not on time, they would originate complications that can waste or to already make useless the operation of cataracts.

If the patient uses correction, he notes that her glasses don't help him I eat before, you see the deformed images and he searches a luminous more efficient focus, or on the contrary, the (when the opacificación takes place preferably in the center of the eye lens) sick person is better in the dimness, because when dilating the pupil you go with more easiness. At the beginning, it still fits some change in the corrective glasses, but as the cataract, this measure evolves it is useless, the patient loses vision and the best thing is an intervention for the expert.