Birth-control methods
The ways to avoid the pregnancy are known from the antiquity. The Egyptians already knew how to avoid the pregnancy and diverse methods have been used until our days in that safe and effective methods have been developed.
In S. XXI the up-to-date methods allow us to choose the moment but appropriate to have children if we want it and also to enjoy the sexuality in heterosexual couple without fear to a pregnancy when it is not the appropriate moment.
Let us see which are these methods:
VERY EFFECTIVE METHODS
HORMONAL METHODS
FOR VIA ORAL
Pill
Mini-pill
Pill postcoital
FOR VIA INTRAVAGINAL AND TRANSDÉRMICA
I band vaginal
Patch
INJECTABLE
Monthly injection
Injection quarterly
IMPLANT SUBCUTANEOUS
Of an or two bars
DIU (INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE)
DIU OF IT GETS PAID
DIU of hormonal release
METHODS OF BARRIER
PRESERVATIVE
DIAPHRAGM
FEMININE PRESERVATIVE
VOLUNTARY STERILIZATION
ATTACHMENT OF TRUMPETS
METHOD ESSURE (tubal obstruction)
VASECTOMY
NOT VERY EFFECTIVE METHODS
METHODS OF PERIODIC ABSTINENCE
OGINO
BILLINGS
BASAL TEMPERATURE
METHOD SINTOTÉRMICO
METHODS THAT DISCONTINUE THE SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP
SUSPENDED COITUS
ALONE SPERMICIDES
VAGINAL OVA
CREAMS
EFFECTIVE METHODS
HORMONAL METHODS
THE PILL
It is made up of two hormones that have a great likeness with the produced ones for the feminine organism. Different birth control pill types exist that vary according to the hormonal dose and the presentation rule. He/she will be your physician who recommends you the most suitable for you. Their effectiveness, if it is used well, he/she approaches to 100%.
How it works
The daily taking of a merged pill waives the ovulation for what is one of the birth-control most effective methods that exist. If there is not ovulation he/she is not able to book credit pregnancy.
How it is used
Every day he/she should take the pill at the same hour. According to the preparations, they should take in a continuous way or with recesss of six or seven days. If the presentation is of 28 chips they should take continually, without recesss: when ending a container, you begins the following one. If the presentation is of 21 or 22 chips should take with a span of six or seven days of recess among each container. In both cases, the menstrual indent will appear with a rhythm of on or about 28 days.
It is necessary to know that:
* It is one of the methods but insurance of the existing ones, he/she has few side effects.
It is necessary to take it every day, independently of the day that you have sexual relationships.
When concluding the taking of pill he/she recovers the fertility for what you have children again, with the same probability that if you had not taken it.
The pregnancy can take place in the first month after the taking of pill since he/she doesn't have any noxious effect on the descendant.
Except for medical instruction in against, any reason doesn't exist to make periodic (of one or but months) recesss in the taking of pill.
It is indispensable that you attend the tracking revisions that your physician indicates you.
They exist a series of status in those that it is not advisable the pill, mainly related with the age, the tabaquismo and some pathologies.
The pill has beneficial goods, besides its birth-control effect, related with the quantity of menstrual indent and with the prevention of certain gynecological cancers as ovary and endometrium.
MINIPILDORA
It is about a new pill, marketed recently in Spain that contains only a hormone (gestágeno) and it doesn't contain, therefore, estrogens. It is in and of itself ideal for those women that tolerate bad the possible side effects of the estrogens or that they have some medical continuous for their use. Their effectiveness is something pettier than the merged pill.
How it works
It acts waiving the ovulation and thickening the cervical mucus. Not it affects the production of the milk for what is the hormonal treatment of election in the event of being suckling to a baby. It exercises a control worse envelope the menstrual cycle that the merged pills, causing, in and of itself, some episodes of light haemorrhage.
How it is used
An only preparation of 28 chips exists, should take a chip every day at the same hour, continuously, without recesss: when ending a container you the following one begins. The presentation of the menstrual indent is abnormal.
I BAND VAGINAL
A hoop of a similar material to the plastic of 5 cm. of diameter and 4 mm of thickness contains the similar hormones to those of the birth control pill; through some petty shrinkholes in the annulus goes coming unfastened the medicine that is absorbed by the mucosa of the vagina. The goods to second you and the effectiveness is as those of the pill.
How it is used
It is inserted in the vagina, as a tampon, to the 5-7 days of beginning the cycle, leaving it inside during 21 days; past this time retires, it is left 7 days of recess and it is inserted other new.
PATCH BIRTH-CONTROL
A petty patch, similar to a ribbon of 4,5 cm. of side and less than 1 mm of thickness, it is arranged on the skin; this patch contains the hormones, the same as the hormonal other methods, and he/she goes them untying being absorbed through the skin.
The side effects and the effectiveness are as those of the pill since it is about the same hormones, although the management channel is different.
How it is used
The first day of the cycle it is arranged on the skin a patch that it will be changed weekly during three followed weeks. To the 21 days, when the three patches have already been used, we have a week of recess where any patch is not applied and it will be the moment in which the menstrual indent will appear. It should be arranged in a field of the body without creams so that he/she doesn't become unstuck and never in the mammas; the places but adjusted they are the buttock or the stomach.
THE PILL OF THE DAY LATER
He/she also receives on behalf of contraception postcoital and it is about a hormonal preparation with the help of an unique (gestágeno) hormone. This method, of emergency, it should not be used in a habitual but rather alone way it is advisable in unexpected cases in those that any contraceptive has not been used or it has been used bad, I eat for example before a preservative break or a sexual aggression.
Not it is safe to 100% but it avoids 85% of the pregnancies that could take place.
How it works
Their share is diverse depending on the moment in that it is administered. The most communio thing is that it acts altering or retarding the ovulation, although it sometimes interferes the nesting process. The World Organization of the Health defines this method like birth-control, I don't eat abortifacient.
How it is used
He/she should take as soon as possible after had book credit a sexual insufficiently protected relationship and never after the 72 hours. The container contains two only chips that can take both at the same time or separated by a span of 12 hours.
He/she is necessary prescription or the management on the part of a medical professional.
BIRTH-CONTROL HORMONAL INJECTABLE
Two presentations exist, a monthly and other quarterly.
The injectable one monthly it is a contraceptive merged since it contains two hormones (estrogen and gestágeno) for what behaves in a similar way to as he/she makes it the pill.
The injectable one quarterly contains an only hormone (gestágeno) for what works in a similar way to as he/she makes it the mini pill.
They are very effective methods but, the same as it happens with the hormonal other methods, the commission of a physician is required that is who will appraise the convenience or not of its usage.
SUBDÉRMICO IMPLANT
It is available in our country a consistent implant in a petty bar of on or about 4 cm. of length that contains a gestágeno, as unique hormone that he/she goes being released producing a birth-control prolonged effect slowly. It can be of an or two bars and the quantity of time that you can take the implant depends this way.
It is arranged in the forearm by means of a painless minimum incision. He/she has a duration of 3 or 5 years and a very high effectiveness, similar to that of the remaining contraceptives based on gestágenos; also the same side effects. Their main interest is the comfort of forgetting that you take it during 3-5 years.
He/she also has their drawbacks, like they are indented abnormal and/or the absence of menstrual" "indents, what you/they don't have any pathologic significance for themselves and they should not give any concern to the user.
You should know that
It can be implanted during the nursing
Their cost is of about 160 €; that of 2 bars is financed by the service Nal. of Health
INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE (DIU)
DIU is a petty object formed by plastic material, metal (get paid fundamentally) and a petty thread. Habitually it records of a vertical path and some horizontal paths that give him/her form of T or of anchor to be adjusted to the uterine cavity.
He/she also has a DIU that incorporates a hormonal (gestágeno) petty deposit that acts to avoid abundant indents in the menstruation in their vertical path; we name him/her hormonal DIU.
How it works
DIU behaves in different ways, among them hindering the step of the spermatozoa and producing a modification inside the uterus that avoids the pregnancy. Hormonal DIU also exercises a beneficial effect on the interior layer of the uterus (endometrium) diminishing the quantity of blood of the menstruation.
How DIU is arranged
The gynecologist will carry out his allocation preferably during the rule, since this way the neck of the uterus is more open and you can discard the existence of a pregnancy. It is located inside the uterus, being able to cause you some nuisances that will disappear quickly.
The duration of DIU is of on or about five years, being able to be retracted in the moment in that the woman wants it.
It is necessary to know that:
DIU has an approximate effectiveness of 98%, what means that every year of use two shortcomings can take place for each a hundred women. Hormonal DIU enters a higher effectiveness.
Not it is the most advisable method in women that don't have children or sexual relationships with different couples; in this case it raises the infection risk to the trumpets.
After the insertion of a DIU he/she should be proven their mediating correct allocation an exploration or an ultrasound.
They should be carried out controls periodic physicians, until their expiration.
Copper DIU can produce an increase of menstrual indent and of pain (dismenorrea), for that that, although they can be treated and they spread to diminish with the step of the time, it is not advisable for women with these symptoms.
Hormonal DIU, on the contrary, has a beneficial effect on the menstrual abundant indent, for what is specially suitable for women with that symptom.
If you want to have a son, coarse with retracting it since in the moment that you want it, their birth-control effect it concludes with their extraction.
METHODS OF BARRIER
THE PRESERVATIVE
It is also known as condom or rubber. It is a very fine case of latex that is arranged on the penis in erection. In their closed end it usually takes a petty reservoir that facilitates the deposit of the semen after the ejaculation. He/she has a theoretical effectiveness between 86 and 97%.
How it works
They impede the step from the spermatozoa to the interior of the uterus.
How it is used
It should be uncoiled on the penis in erection before there has been any penetration in the vagina, leaving in the tip a petty deposit if the preservative doesn't have it. Before being open they should be conserved in a half dry one and to appropriate temperatures. It is important to always check the expiration date.
It is necessary to know that:
The preservative is of a single use.
After the ejaculation he/she will retire the penis when erecto is still, holding the preservative for their base to avoid that he/she slips inside the vagina.
The drops of semen that are ejected before the ejaculation can contain spermatozoa.
It is convenient when retracting it to check that it has not broken.
If the preservative is retained inside the vagina it should be extracted inserting a finger.
When he/she is proven a break or it is retained their effectiveness cannot be guaranteed by what can be necessary to appeal later to the pill of the day.
It is the birth-control only method, next to the feminine preservative, effective for the prevention of the illnesses of sexual, included transmission the HIV infection / AIDS.
THE DIAPHRAGM
It is a cap or cap of very floppy latex that it is arranged in the bottom of the vagina, covering the neck of the uterus completely. Their effectiveness is calculated between a 82 and 96%.
How it works
It impedes the step from the spermatozoa to the interior of the uterus, when covering the neck of the uterus that is in passing the main point.
How it is used
The sanitary personnel staff will indicate you which your size is and also he/she will teach you how to arrange it. He/she has to go accompanied by a cream spermicide that will extend on the two faces and edges the diaphragm. Once seat will check that the neck of the uterus is very stoppered. It should be arranged before the coitus not being able to retract it until last 6-8 hours. If they are carried out followed several coitus it is not necessary to extract it but applying the cream spermicide directly in the vagina.
FEMININE PRESERVATIVE
It is a very fine case of a very fine but very resistant (poliuretano) plastic that shows up lubricated with a substance with the help of silicona. It recovers the walls of the vagina and also the vulva. Their effectiveness oscillates between the 79 and 95%.
How it works
It impedes the step from the spermatozoa to the interior of the uterus. It is a very effective method in the prevention of the illnesses of sexual transmission.
How it is used
It is stocked of 2 annuluses: one interior that is good for their allocation inside the vagina, and another exterior that remains flat and it covers the lips during the coitus. It is of a single use, and therefore it should not be reutilizado. The mouth of the preservative should be sufficiently lubricated to avoid that the external annulus is inserted inside the vagina.
VOLUNTARY STERILIZATION
ATTACHMENT OF TRUMPETS AND VASECTOMY
They consist on discontinuing the place surgically in passing of the ova and of the spermatozoa, with what the pregnancy is avoided. They are permanent methods that are considered irreversible, after which it is very difficult to have more children. Their effectiveness is very high, near to 100%.
When it is applied in the case of the woman he/she calls himself attachment of trumpets and when it is in the man, vasectomy.
ATTACHMENT OF TRUMPETS
It is a surgical plain intervention but that he/she has the risks of the surgery and of the general anesthesia; in this intervention they intersect and/or they tie (they "tie") the Fallopian tubes, impeding in this way that the ovum can arrive from the ovary until the uterus.
It can be carried out by means of several procedures although the but it frequents it is the laparoscopy: it is about inserting a tube for an incision of about 2 cm. That it takes a fiber optic that allows us to see the interior organs; by means of some pincers he/she holds on to the trumpet and you can cauterize and/or to cut.
Recently a new method of obstruction of the called trumpets ESSURE has been developed; this method consists on the input of a titanium device inside the trumpets by means of the hysteroscopy that allows the access to the uterus through the neck of the same one with a fiber optic to be able to see it. This device is left there and he/she takes place in about 2-3 months the complete obstruction for a fibrosis reaction. To insert these devices he/she is not necessary general anesthesia neither hospital stay, therefore the risks are pettier.
VASECTOMY
It is about a surgical petty intervention that is practiced with local anaesthesia, and that it consists on cutting the two deferential conduits with the purpose of that the spermatozoa don't come out to the exterior during the ejaculation. Not precise hospital stay neither general anesthesia, for what the risks are petty.
What does it pass after the vasectomy?
The intervention doesn't influence in the sexual capacity of the males, for what the sexual relationships will continue the same as before, not modifying at all neither the sexual desire neither the ejaculation process.
NOT VERY EFFECTIVE METHODS
METHODS OF PERIODIC ABSTINENCE
How they work
They consist on not having sexual relationships in the considered fertile days, that is to say proximate days to the ovulation. To "discover" which are these fertile days there are several methods:
OGINO (also called method of the Rhythm or of the Schedule)
It is about controlling the cycles throughout one year to check their regularity. Some days they are calculated starting from the first day of rule during those that the ovulation risk is pettier. Supposition the approximate day of the ovulation, it is necessary to abstain from having relationships during several days and in strict cases until the appearance of the following rule. This alone method is useful for women with very regular menstrual cycles.
BILLINGS (Method of the cervical mucus)
Based since theoretically on the daily observation of the cervical mucus the fertile days they can be determined by means of the variances that it suffers the vaginal flow throughout the cycle. They are distinguished three phases according to the degree of dryness or dampness of the vagina, corresponding the days of maximum risk a days in that the mucus and the dampness is bigger.
BASAL TEMPERATURE
This method is based on the fact that the ovulation can be determined starting from the changes in the woman's basal corporal temperature. For it, he/she should take the temperature every day before getting up, with the purpose of to detect the ascent of the same one that continues to the ovulation and to avoid to carry out a coitus in these days.
METHOD SINTOTÉRMICO
It merges some of the previously signal methods. This way the changes in the cervical mucus and the method Ogino is good to delimit the beginning of the fertile period and the changes of the mucus and the method of the basal temperature to calculate the end of that period. By means of that calculation of the fertile possible days and abstaining from practicing the coitus during those days the pregnancy would be avoided.
It is necessary to know that:
These methods are not valid if your cycles are abnormal.
The effectiveness of these methods is very difficult of determining since it depends fundamentally on each person's ability, but they are not considered, in general, very safe.
METHODS THAT DISCONTINUE THE SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP
SUSPENDED COITUS
He/she is known popularly behind as the method of the march. It consists on retracting the penis of the vagina before the ejaculation takes place. It is necessary to know that before the ejaculation drops loaded with spermatozoa are ejected that can produce a pregnancy, for what is necessary to maintain an extreme control on the sexual excitation. Therefore, it is not safe. In our opinion it is not advisable.
SPERMICIDES
They are some chemical substances that destroy the spermatozoa in the vagina. You can find them in form of vaginal ova and you cremate.
As they work
They work as a chemical local method that for their toxic share against the spermatozoon impedes their mobility mechanically and it crashes their average life.
How they are used
On or about 10 minutes before the penetration the spermicide is inserted in the vagina, so that with the heat it is dispensed the product well.
It is necessary to know that:
The creams and ova spermicides
Not they are very safe if they are used alone. It is better to use them since by themselves together with other methods they have a quite reduced effectiveness.
They have a limited safe-deposit time, and if he/she is carried out more than a coitus, it will be applied the spermicide again.
They are useful to be used in combination with the diaphragm, the preservatives and DIU.
You can acquire in the drug stores and they don't require prescription neither medical control.
OTHER METHODS OF LOW EFFECTIVENESS
They are other traditional methods that cannot be considered birth-control methods. We refer to the natural nursing and the vaginal laundries.
Even when menstruations are not had during the nursing spontaneous ovulations they can take place for what you run the risk of being pregnant.
Any vaginal irrigation after the ejaculation doesn't impede the ascent of the spermatozoa at all toward the interior of the uterus, so never you trust informations that don't have any actual base.
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