Eternal Life - The immortality

Can achieve no longer be a utopia.
Scientists at the American University of San Francisco have discovered a gene in an insect that could controlling longevity.

This gene, the insect once asleep, reduces the production of insulin and prevents ageing, without affecting the metabolism or fertility.

The new studies are investigating whether it could act similarly in humans. From here, opens a new way to determine life expectancy in vertebrates.

This could be the result of the difference between this pair of genes.

Hydrogen: Is the future fuel?

Since we know that oil extraction has end date (say the last barrels will be pumped into 2080), giving researchers walk laps at the head to find something to replace him. And they say they have given to this: is the hydrogen.

But how do we get it, save it as? The route proposed by the marine biologist Jack Legrand, the French CNRS, is using microalgae.
After studying their metabolism that is capable of producing hydrogen without the need for sunlight and water, this is about to create a reactor to produce hydrogen.

Kidney Stones

The kidney stones in fact are not formed in the kidney, but in the urinary channels. They are due to the precipitation you usually substantiates existing cristaloides in the urination in oversaturation state.

When the size of the crystalline precipitate concretions is very petty, forming a powder epsecie that you edimenta in the excreted urination, we have the calls "sands." If the crystalline masses form concretions of more size, they are described as stones or calculations.

According to your chemical composition, the calculations are usually: of oxalates, of uric acid or of phosphates and carbonates.

The stone formation can be due to many lawsuits. You are sometimes about general illnesses, of metabolic type that you/they give place to an urinary excessive deletion of certain substances, facilitating your precipitation. This mechanism can appraise it in the trend to the dormación of calculations that exist in the drop and in the hyperparathyroidism. In other occasions, the calculations taducen a stasis urinal or infections of the urinary channels; in these cases they are of phosphates and carbonates. Finally, the sour urinations facilitate the precipitation of the uric acid and of your salts (urates) and of the calcium oxalate.

The treatment of the urinary calculations will be, in general, physician. You will only be indebted the surgical intervention when a calculation located in the uréter puts in hazard to the kidney, or when they are responsible for haemorrhages or of relapsing infections.

The diet will depend on the chemical composition of the calculations. In the uric acid calculations, they will be prohibited the liver, the kidney, the pig and the alcohol; and the diets will be recommended in fruits and vegetables; these patients alkaline (bicarbonatadas) waters will also ingest, to diminish the acidity of the urination and with it to increase the solubility of the urates. In the trend to the oxalic stone formation, the spinaches are outlawed, beets, dry figs, paprika, cocoa and you will combat the hiperacedéz. To avoid the excessive deletion of calcium for the urination, you will decrease the ingestion of milk and derivates (cheese, curd, butter, etc.); they will also be prohibited the alkaline ones, to avoid the precipitation of the calcium, and vitamin D won't be administered, because you favor the absorption from the ion calcium to level of the intestine, with what your rate rises in blood and in urination.

The Viruses

The term "Virus", (poison in Latin) was coined in 1897 when a Dutch bacteriologist Martinus Beijerinck, passed the juice of a diseased plant of tobacco plant through a sufficiently fine filter as to stop the bacteria, still the pettiest. The clearing liquid filtrate, an infectious invisible agent still contained able to cause the illness of the tobacco plant called "mosaic" that Beijerinck was studying. In the following years, it was found that the viruses were related with a growing number of illnesses of the human beings and the animals. But it was not but up to 1931 in that the English bacteriologist William J. Elford devised a filter the sufficiently petty thing as to catch it in that was demonstrated that the virus was a minuscule particle, of much pettier size that the pettiest cell.

The viruses are so petty that twenty-five million polio virus would fit in the head of an alfilaria - as the virus that produces the aphthous one - they can be formed for only some few molecules.

The viruses are the most primitive forms in life, depending on the definition of "life" that you prefer. They can grow and to reproduce, but they are too petty to contain the usual machinery of a living cell.

In their place, they reproduce invading cells and forcing the chemical complex machinery from these when forming more virus instead of the main substances. In fact, most of a virus - a wraparound protein protector - he/she peels off and it is outside of the cell before beginning the attack. The part of the virus that invades to the cell is a mere matter tiny piece, a molecule or two of nucleic acid, the same substance that the genes are made.

The same as the genes, the viruses can supervise the manufacturing capacity of the living cell. But the virus is kind of a pirate" "gene that takes possession of the cell for its own ends. It carries out their protein masquerading as a genetic element of the own cell. Outside of their alive guests, the viruses cannot carry out metabolic features, to move neither to reproduce.

But inside the cell, a virus can arm hundred of replies of itself with the free nucleotides that float in the cellular liquid. When the cell is overworked, these replies abort the dead wraparound, transforming each one into a new "attacker" in search of other cells. Depending on the virus and of the victim, this cellular injury it is manifested as any other illness of a long list of them that you/they affect animals, plants or human beings, and that it includes mumps, measles, polio, hydrophobia, pock, influenza and the common cold. From 1911, when Dr. Peyton Rous sampled that a form of tumor of the chickens was caused by a virus, he/she has been that these cause more than 70 types of tumors in the animals.